The relationship between cognitive and affective control and adolescent mental health

JCPP advances Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI:10.1002/jcv2.12204

Savannah Minihan, Levi Kumle, Kate Maston, Debopriyo Bal, Aliza Werner-Seidler, Helen Christensen, Susanne Schweizer

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Abstract

Background

Cognitive control problems have been implicated in the etiology and maintenance of mental health problems, including depression, in adults. Studies in adolescents have been more equivocal, with some showing changes in cognitive control in adolescents with mental health problems, whereas others fail to show an association. This study examines whether adolescent mental health is associated with affective control, the application of cognitive control in affective contexts, which shows more protracted development than cognitive control.

Methods

The present study investigated the association of cognitive and affective control with depressive symptomatology and self-reported diagnostic history of mental health problems in adolescents. The study included 1929 participants (M_age = 13.89) from the Future Proofing Study (N = 6,388, 11–16 years), who completed affective (incl., affective stimuli) and/or cognitive (incl., neutral stimuli) versions of a working memory (backward digit-span) and/or shifting (card-sorting) task at least once within 3 weeks of assessing mental health.

Results

Poorer working memory was associated with greater depressive symptomatology in adolescents (β = −0.06, p = .004), similarly across cognitive and affective control conditions (β = −0.02, p = .269). Adolescents with self-reported diagnostic history of mental health problems had significantly poorer shifting ability in affective compared to cognitive control conditions (b = 0.05, p = .010), whereas for adolescents with no self-reported diagnoses, shifting ability did not differ between conditions (b = −0.00, p = .649).

Conclusions

The present analyses suggest that working memory difficulties, in particular, may be associated with the experience of current depressed mood in adolescents. Problems with affective shifting may be implicated in a range of mental health problems in adolescents. Given the ubiquitous need for efficient cognitive functioning in daily life, enhancing cognitive and affective control in adolescents may be a promising means of improving functioning across a range of domains, including affective functioning, and by extension, adolescent mental health.

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认知和情感控制与青少年心理健康的关系

背景认知控制问题已被认为与包括抑郁症在内的成人精神健康问题的病因和维持有关。对青少年的研究则比较模糊，有些研究显示，有心理健康问题的青少年的认知控制能力会发生变化，而另一些研究则未能显示出两者之间的联系。本研究探讨了青少年的心理健康是否与情感控制有关。情感控制是认知控制在情感情境中的应用，与认知控制相比，情感控制的发展更为持久。方法本研究调查了认知控制和情感控制与青少年抑郁症状和自我报告的心理健康问题诊断史之间的关系。研究对象包括 "面向未来研究"（N = 6,388, 11-16 岁）中的 1929 名参与者（Mage = 13.89），他们在心理健康评估后的 3 周内至少完成了一次情感（包括情感刺激）和/或认知（包括中性刺激）版本的工作记忆（向后数字跨度）和/或移位（卡片分类）任务。结果青少年较差的工作记忆与较严重的抑郁症状有关（β = -0.06，p = .004），在认知和情感控制条件下也是如此（β = -0.02，p = .269）。与认知控制条件相比，自我报告有心理健康问题诊断史的青少年在情感控制条件下的移位能力明显较差（b = 0.05，p = .010），而对于没有自我报告诊断史的青少年，移位能力在不同条件下没有差异（b = -0.00，p = .649）。结论本分析表明，工作记忆困难尤其可能与青少年当前的抑郁情绪体验有关。情绪转移问题可能与青少年的一系列心理健康问题有关。鉴于日常生活中无处不在地需要高效的认知功能，加强青少年的认知和情感控制可能是改善包括情感功能在内的一系列领域的功能，并进而改善青少年心理健康的一种有前途的方法。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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JCPP advances

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审稿时长

13 weeks