Understanding the Snow Cover Climatology over Turkey from ERA5-Land Reanalysis Data and MODIS Snow Cover Frequency Product

IF 2.4 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Geosciences (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI:10.3390/geosciences13100311
Zuhal Akyurek, Semih Kuter, Çağrı H. Karaman, Berkay Akpınar
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Abstract

Understanding the distribution, patterns, and characteristics of snowfall and snow cover within a given region over extended periods is important. Snow climatology provides valuable insights into the seasonal and long-term variations in snowfall, helping researchers and meteorologists understand the impacts of climate change on snow accumulation, melt rates, and snowmelt runoff. In this study, in order to understand the spatial and temporal variation in snow cover in Turkey, the temporal and spatial dynamics of snow cover in the country were analyzed during the latest and longest period from 1970 to 2022 using ERA5-Land reanalysis product. It is aimed (1) to show snow-covered area (SCA), snow duration, and snow depth trends over the country; (2) to examine the altitudinal difference of snow phenology response to climate change; and (3) to evaluate the Snow Cover Frequency Maps from MODIS Snow Cover Products with the reanalysis snow depth data. It is found that the “false snow” mapping problem still exists in the MOD10C1_CGF Snow Cover Frequency maps over Turkey, especially in the melting period. We found that an increasing trend of 0.4 °C/decade and snow duration have a decreasing trend due to the early melting between 1970 and 2022. This trend is even more noticeable at elevations below 2000 m. Another important finding is the decreasing trend in snow duration at altitudes below 500 m, indicating a shift from snow to rain for precipitation types.
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基于ERA5-Land再分析数据和MODIS积雪频率产品的土耳其积雪气候学研究
了解给定区域内长时间内的降雪和积雪的分布、模式和特征是很重要的。雪气候学为降雪的季节性和长期变化提供了有价值的见解,帮助研究人员和气象学家了解气候变化对积雪、融化速度和融雪径流的影响。为了了解土耳其积雪的时空变化,利用ERA5-Land再分析产品,分析了1970 - 2022年土耳其最晚和最长时间积雪的时空动态。它的目的是(1)显示全国的积雪覆盖面积(SCA)、积雪持续时间和雪深趋势;(2)考察积雪物候对气候变化响应的海拔差异;(3)利用再分析雪深数据对MODIS积雪产品的积雪频率图进行评价。发现MOD10C1_CGF土耳其地区积雪频率图仍然存在“假雪”成图问题,特别是在融化期。研究发现,在1970 - 2022年期间,由于早期融化,积雪持续时间呈减少趋势,增加幅度为0.4°C/ 10年。这种趋势在海拔2000米以下的地区更为明显。另一个重要的发现是,在海拔500米以下的地区,积雪持续时间呈减少趋势,表明降水类型从雪转向雨。
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来源期刊
Geosciences (Switzerland)
Geosciences (Switzerland) Earth and Planetary Sciences-Earth and Planetary Sciences (all)
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
7.40%
发文量
395
审稿时长
11 weeks
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