A three-stage approach for co-designing diversified cropping systems with farmers: the case study of lentil-wheat intercropping

IF 2.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Italian Journal of Agronomy Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI:10.4081/ija.2023.2207
Federico Leoni, Stefano Carlesi, Alessandro Triacca, Gilbert Koskey, Gilberto Croceri, Daniele Antichi, Anna-Camilla Moonen
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Abstract

There is an increasing need for more sustainable and diversified cropping systems while guaranteeing adequate crop yields and economic viability for European farms. The intercropping of lentil with wheat can be a valuable agroecological practice for stabilizing crop yields and improving weed control; however, this requires better knowledge about the technical viability, suitable varieties, sowing density, management practices for different conditions, and the feasibility of these solutions for farmers. In this paper, we present a three-stage participatory approach aimed at involving farmers in the evaluation and design of knowledge-intensive agroecological cropping systems and applied it to the case of wheat-lentil intercropping. The proposed approach is articulated into three connected stages involving experiments at different scales (plot, field and farm) and with different grades of interactions among farmers and researchers regarding the design of experiments and the evaluation of the results. In the first stage, we set up controlled plot experiments at an experimental station allowing all interested farmers to observe and comment on the various treatments that were investigated during dedicated events. This stage tested the potential of intercropping to improve the sustainability of the local farming system and provide a solid scientific background to the ecosystem services provided by wheat-lentil intercropping, such as crop production, yield stability, and weed control. While being agronomically beneficial, the technical feasibility and economic benefits of wheat-lentil intercropping have still to be proven. Therefore, based on the results obtained from the first stage and the feedback of local farmers on the opportunities and weaknesses of the on-station application of wheat-lentil intercropping, a second experiment was carried out using commercial agriculture machines with the objective to test the technical viability of intercropping at a larger scale. In the final third stage, we set up a co-designed on-farm experiment aimed at supporting a farmer in establishing lentil-wheat intercropping adapted to the farm conditions. This approach demonstrated that gradually involving farmers in the experimental process, starting from evaluating the most promising agroecological solutions on station to implementing them on farms, supports a successful agroecological transition of farms towards more diversified cropping systems.
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与农民共同设计多样化种植制度的三阶段方法:以扁豆-小麦间作为例
越来越需要更加可持续和多样化的种植系统,同时保证欧洲农场的足够作物产量和经济可行性。小扁豆与小麦间作是一种稳定作物产量和改善杂草控制的有价值的农业生态实践;然而,这需要更好地了解技术可行性、合适的品种、播种密度、不同条件下的管理实践,以及这些解决方案对农民的可行性。在本文中,我们提出了一个三阶段参与式方法,旨在让农民参与知识密集型农业生态种植系统的评估和设计,并将其应用于小麦-扁豆间作的案例。所提出的方法分为三个相互关联的阶段,涉及不同规模的实验(地块、田野和农场),以及农民和研究人员之间关于实验设计和结果评估的不同程度的互动。在第一阶段,我们在一个试验站建立了对照小区实验,让所有感兴趣的农民观察和评论在专门活动中调查的各种处理。这一阶段测试了间作在提高当地农业系统可持续性方面的潜力,并为小麦-扁豆间作提供的生态系统服务(如作物生产、产量稳定和杂草控制)提供了坚实的科学背景。小麦-扁豆间作虽然具有农艺学效益,但其技术可行性和经济效益仍有待验证。因此,在第一阶段试验结果的基础上,结合当地农民对小麦-扁豆套作站场应用的机遇和不足的反馈,利用商业农机进行了第二次试验,目的是在更大范围内检验套作的技术可行性。在最后的第三阶段,我们建立了一个共同设计的农场试验,旨在支持农民建立适应农场条件的扁豆-小麦间作。这种方法表明,逐步让农民参与实验过程,从站内评估最有前景的农业生态解决方案开始,到在农场实施这些解决方案,有助于农场向更多样化的种植系统成功转型。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
4.50%
发文量
25
审稿时长
10 weeks
期刊介绍: The Italian Journal of Agronomy (IJA) is the official journal of the Italian Society for Agronomy. It publishes quarterly original articles and reviews reporting experimental and theoretical contributions to agronomy and crop science, with main emphasis on original articles from Italy and countries having similar agricultural conditions. The journal deals with all aspects of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, the interactions between cropping systems and sustainable development. Multidisciplinary articles that bridge agronomy with ecology, environmental and social sciences are also welcome.
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