Green synthesis of silver-doped metal hexacyanoferrates nanostructures for efficient cleanup of endocrine-disrupting pesticides

Abstract

Herein, inexpensive and eco-friendly approach for the green synthesis of silver-doped metal hexacyanoferrates (Ag@MHCFs) nanocomposite using green tea extract has been reported. Silver-doped MHCF nanocatalysts were used to photo-degradation endocrine disruptor pesticides, namely endosulfan (ES) and atrazine (AT), from water under direct Sunlight. Spectroscopic and electron microscopic techniques confirmed the successful synthesis of nanomaterials. Ag@FeHCF observed maximum degradation efficiency due to their high surface area (89.3 m²g⁻¹), significant zeta potential (−43.4 mV), lower band gap (1.5 eV), and low photoluminescence intensity as compared to other Ag doped MHCFs. Best degradation results showed with concentration amount (5 mg L⁻¹), dose (20 mg of ES; 15 mg of AT), at neutral pH under sunlight irradiation. Degradation up to 98% for ES and 96% for AT was reported. The degradation ensued by Langmuir adsorption and first-order kinetics. GC–MS analysis showed the degradation of pesticides into CO₂, H₂O, and harmless minor metabolites under Sunlight. Ag@FeHCF have indicated high reusability (n = 10), ensuring their charge separation, stability, and sustainability. Ag@MHCF nanoparticles may show as substitute catalysts for industrial use with a fervent scope.