Effects of Nozzle Diameter and Holes Number on the Performance and Emissions of a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine

IF 0.9 Q4 THERMODYNAMICS International Journal of Thermodynamics Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI:10.5541/ijot.1272871

Omar YOUSEF, Mahmoud MASHKOUR

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Abstract

The goal of the current study is to estimate how a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine's performance and emissions are affected by the fuel injector nozzle diameter and hole number of its injectors. A thermodynamic mathematical modelling has been created utilizing a software program written in the MATLAB language to simulate the two-zone combustion process of a four-stroke direct injection engine running on gasoline at (Rotation Engine Speed 3000 revolution per minute (rpm), 40 MPa injection pressure, compression ratio 9.5, and spark timing 145°). The first law of thermodynamics, equation of energy, mass conserving, equation of state, and mass fraction burned were all used in the creation of the software program. The study was carried out at five different nozzle diameters (0.250, 0.350, 0.450, 0.550, and 0.650 mm) and nozzle hole numbers (4,6,8,10,12). The results show that the GDI engine's performance and emissions are significantly influenced by variations in nozzle hole diameter and number. It was shown that engine power, heat transfer, cylinder pressure, and temperature increased with increasing nozzle hole diameter and number of nozzle holes and the maximum value was seen with nozzle hole diameter 0.650 mm and (12) holes. The lowest value for the nozzle hole diameter and number of holes was found to be 0.250 mm and 4 nozzle holes, which resulted in the lowest emissions of carbon monoxide CO and nitrogen monoxide NO. The study was also conducted for different operating conditions (Rotation Engine speed of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 rpm ,35 MPa injection pressure , compression ratio of 11.5 , and spark timing of 140° ) and the same nozzle diameters and nozzle holes number mentioned previously to estimate the maximum values for temperature, pressure, power , heat transfer and emissions . The results of the second part of the study showed that the highest of maximum values of temperature, pressure, and emissions were at of 1000 rpm, a nozzle diameter of 0.650 mm, and (12) holes. The highest values for maximum power at 4000 rpm, a nozzle diameter of 0.650 mm and (12) holes, while the highest maximum values for heat transfer are at 5000 rpm, a diameter of 0.65mm and (12) holes.

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喷管直径和孔数对汽油直喷发动机性能和排放的影响

本研究的目的是评估喷油器喷嘴直径和喷油器孔数对汽油直喷(GDI)发动机性能和排放的影响。利用MATLAB语言编写的软件程序创建了热力学数学模型，以模拟在汽油上运行的四冲程直喷发动机的两区燃烧过程(旋转发动机转速3000转/分钟(rpm)， 40 MPa喷射压力，压缩比9.5，火花正时145°)。热力学第一定律、能量方程、质量守恒、状态方程和燃烧质量分数都被用于软件程序的创建。该研究在五种不同的喷嘴直径(0.250、0.350、0.450、0.550和0.650 mm)和喷嘴孔数(4、6、8、10、12)下进行。结果表明，喷管直径和喷管数量的变化对发动机的性能和排放有显著影响。结果表明:发动机功率、换热、气缸压力和温度随喷管孔径和喷管孔数的增加而增大，当喷管孔径为0.650 mm和(12)孔时最大;喷嘴孔直径和孔数最小值为0.250 mm和4个喷嘴孔，导致一氧化碳CO和一氧化氮排放最低。在相同的喷嘴直径和喷嘴孔数下，在不同的工况下(旋转发动机转速为1000、2000、3000、4000、5000 rpm，喷射压力为35 MPa，压缩比为11.5，火花正时为140°)，进行了研究，以估计温度、压力、功率、传热和排放的最大值。研究第二部分的结果表明，温度、压力和排放量的最大值在1000 rpm时，喷嘴直径为0.650 mm，(12)个孔。最大功率的最大值是在4000rpm，喷嘴直径0.650 mm和(12)个孔，而传热的最大值是在5000 rpm，直径0.65mm和(12)个孔。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Thermodynamics THERMODYNAMICS-

CiteScore

1.50

自引率

12.50%

发文量

期刊介绍： The purpose and scope of the International Journal of Thermodynamics is · to provide a forum for the publication of original theoretical and applied work in the field of thermodynamics as it relates to systems, states, processes, and both non-equilibrium and equilibrium phenomena at all temporal and spatial scales. · to provide a multidisciplinary and international platform for the dissemination to academia and industry of both scientific and engineering contributions, which touch upon a broad class of disciplines that are foundationally linked to thermodynamics and the methods and analyses derived there from. · to assess how both the first and particularly the second laws of thermodynamics touch upon these disciplines. · to highlight innovative & pioneer research in the field of thermodynamics in the following subjects (but not limited to the following, novel research in new areas are strongly suggested): o Entropy in thermodynamics and information theory. o Thermodynamics in process intensification. o Biothermodynamics (topics such as self-organization far from equilibrium etc.) o Thermodynamics of nonadditive systems. o Nonequilibrium thermal complex systems. o Sustainable design and thermodynamics. o Engineering thermodynamics. o Energy.