Analysis of cardiovascular risk factors as predictors for coronary artery disease stenosis severity

Abstract

The risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) include age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), total cholesterol levels, smoking status, and obesity, with central obesity being of particular concern. However, there is a lack of research on the connection between CAD risk factors and the severity of stenosis in the Indonesian population, specifically in Central Java, as assessed by the Gensini score. The purpose of this study was to analyze hypertension, diabetes mellitus, total cholesterol levels, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (LP) as predictors of the severity of CAD stenosis assessed using the Gensini score. A cross-sectional study was conducted on CAD patients at RSI Sultan Agung for the period of 2018-2021. The risk factors for CAD studied were age, gender, blood glucose (GDS), blood pressure, total cholesterol, smoking status, BMI, and LP. The degree of stenosis was grouped using gensini score into severe stenosis if the vessel narrowing was 40% and mild-moderate if ≤40%. The data were analyzed using logistic regression test. Gender, smoking status, BMI, and LP had a significant relationship to the severity of stenosis as assessed using the Gensini score. The results of multivariate analysis showed that gender, smoking status, BMI, and LP could increase the risk of CAD with the severity of severe stenosis as much as 2,774; 1,959; 2,269; and 1,883 times respectively. Gender, smoking status, BMI, and LP can be used as predictors of the severity of coronary artery disease stenosis as assessed using the Gensini score.