The efficacy of FMD vaccine prepared from recently isolated FMD virus using Ictyolane 18 oil adjuvant

Abstract

Keywords FMD is an important viral disease that affects animals with cloven hooves. Inactivated oil adjuvant FMD vaccines are widely used in prophylactic vaccination programs for protection of animals and for safe and effective immunization. In this study, we prepared a bivalent inactivated vaccine form recently isolated FMDV strains A/Africa G4/2022 and A/ Venezuela/2022 serotypes using different ratio of Ictyolane 18 oil adjuvant and evaluate quality and immunogenicity safety of vaccine. Laboratory evaluation of the vaccine using calves that vaccinated intramuscularly (I/M) with the prepared bivalent FMD vaccines (group 1 using the vaccine emulsion 50 % Ictyolane 18 oil with 50% antigen and group 2 using the vaccine emulsion 60 % Ictyolane 18 with 40% antigen). Serum samples collected from animals that had received vaccination were nine months. Serum Neutralization Test (SNT) and the ELISA method were used to monitor the humeral immune responses. The findings showed that the protective level was reached by vaccinated calves at the second to third week following vaccination (WPV) and persisted up to nine months following vaccination. The findings demonstrate that the inclusion of the two ratio of Ictyolane 18 in Cattle receive an early and prolonged high-specific protective immune response from the FMDV vaccine. Finally, we recommended to use Ictyolane 18 as a potential safe and very cost-effective adjuvant with an equal ratio of FMD antigen for the cattle FMD vaccination.