A study on siderophore production and biofilm formation of klebsiella isolated from urine samples and detection of antibiotic resistance mechanisms

Abstract

One of the most encountered infections by the physician in the community is Urinary tract infections, and over the years most of the pathogens responsible for the etiology have become resistant to antimicrobials. In nosocomial infections and immunocompromised individuals the most common pathogen implicated in UTI and catheter associated UTI are . are notorious for their antibiotic resistance and also cause systemic dissemination. A cross-sectional study that included 184 species isolated from urine samples collected from January 2020 – June 2021. Identification of isolates and speciation was done by biochemical reactions, antibiotic susceptibility pattern determined by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, virulence factors and antibiotic resistance mechanisms were detected by standard phenotypic methods. Among the patient’s female: male ratio was 1.7:1 and maximum number of cases were seen in the 21-30 age group. Maximum number of isolates belonged to (79.89%), followed by (20%). species showed maximum sensitivity to Imipenem, Meropenem, gentamicin, and amikacin. Out of the 184 isolates 22.86% were ESBL producers, 17.93% were AMP C producers and 9.24% were Carbapenamase producers. Among all isolates 94.56% were found to be biofilm producers, and all biofilm poducers were strongly associated with ESBL and Amp C production. Also 61.41% of total isolates were Siderophore producers. UTI is a predominant infection among younger age group females. High level of resistance to commonly used antibiotics were found, also the rising rate of antibiotic resistance mechanisms require further studies into the matter for ensuring better treatment success. Empirically amikacin and gentamicin could be used for treatment of UTI as they were found to be highly sensitive.