Hepatitis C virus is a bloodborne virus and the major cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Viral load is the prognostic marker of the disease progression. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation of hepatitis C RNA load with antiviral therapy and its risk factors among the HCV seropositive patients. This study will be helpful in early assessment of the disease progression and its complications.The blood samples were collected over a period of one year from April 2022-March 2023. The serum was subjected to ELISA for Anti HCV Ab. Viral load quantification was done by MylabPathoDetect HCV Quantitative PCR Kit in HCV seropositive patients.About 18,882 patients were tested for HCV infection over a period of one year. 75 patients were positive for HCV infection. Prevalence of HCV was 0.39. The mean viral load was reduced from 3.08×10 IU/ml to 1.98×10 IU/ml and Sustained Viral Response (SVR12) was achieved in 63(84%) patients after effective treatment with direct acting antiviral agents. High risk sexual behavior was the most common risk factor observed in seropositive patients.The current study determines the reduction in mean viral load and achieving sustained viral response after the effective antiviral therapy at the earliest, which is helpful in prevention of disease progression and its complications.
{"title":"Co-relation of hepatitis C RNA load with antiviral therapy and risk factors among hepatitis C seropositive patients","authors":"Suchita Netam, Kshyudratika Priyadarsini, Nikita Sherwani, Suresh Chandravanshi, Neha Singh, Aparna Sahu","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.014","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis C virus is a bloodborne virus and the major cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Viral load is the prognostic marker of the disease progression. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation of hepatitis C RNA load with antiviral therapy and its risk factors among the HCV seropositive patients. This study will be helpful in early assessment of the disease progression and its complications.The blood samples were collected over a period of one year from April 2022-March 2023. The serum was subjected to ELISA for Anti HCV Ab. Viral load quantification was done by MylabPathoDetect HCV Quantitative PCR Kit in HCV seropositive patients.About 18,882 patients were tested for HCV infection over a period of one year. 75 patients were positive for HCV infection. Prevalence of HCV was 0.39. The mean viral load was reduced from 3.08×10 IU/ml to 1.98×10 IU/ml and Sustained Viral Response (SVR12) was achieved in 63(84%) patients after effective treatment with direct acting antiviral agents. High risk sexual behavior was the most common risk factor observed in seropositive patients.The current study determines the reduction in mean viral load and achieving sustained viral response after the effective antiviral therapy at the earliest, which is helpful in prevention of disease progression and its complications.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.012
A. Janagond
{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance – priorities and way forward","authors":"A. Janagond","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.013
G. Mushtaq, Fouad Al-Daoud
The main objective of this study was to identify, analyze, and evaluate the bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs) among patients at Idlib University Hospital in Northwest Syria. By isolating and characterizing the uropathogens, the study aimed to gain insights into their current antimicrobial susceptibilities. This information is crucial in order to combat the increasing antibiotic resistance and provide effective treatment options for UTIs, which are prevalent both in the community and hospital settings.This observational research took place at Idlib University Hospital in Northwest Syria spanning from June 2022 to December 2023. Our study involved 320 patients exhibiting symptoms of UTI (68.4% females and 31.6% males). Urine samples were cultured to identify the microorganisms responsible for UTI. Biochemical tests were employed to identify the isolated bacteria, while the antimicrobial susceptibility was determined through disk diffusion susceptibility testing. Our study found to be the leading cause of UTIs, accounting for 58.4% of cases, followed by spp. Gram-negative bacteria comprised 85% of isolated strains. The 13–65 age group showed the highest UTI susceptibility (41.3%). High resistance was observed to ampicillin/sulbactam, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and co-trimoxazole. Conversely, minimal resistance was noted against Meropenem, Imipenem, Gentamicin, and Levofloxacin.This research highlights the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant infections within the hospital under study. Hence, there is an imperative to enhance the efficiency of comprehensive infection control initiatives to effectively handle and regulate hospital-acquired infections caused by highly resistant microorganisms.
{"title":"Exploring bacterial profiles and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in urinary tract infection cases at Idlib university hospital, Syria","authors":"G. Mushtaq, Fouad Al-Daoud","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.013","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study was to identify, analyze, and evaluate the bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs) among patients at Idlib University Hospital in Northwest Syria. By isolating and characterizing the uropathogens, the study aimed to gain insights into their current antimicrobial susceptibilities. This information is crucial in order to combat the increasing antibiotic resistance and provide effective treatment options for UTIs, which are prevalent both in the community and hospital settings.This observational research took place at Idlib University Hospital in Northwest Syria spanning from June 2022 to December 2023. Our study involved 320 patients exhibiting symptoms of UTI (68.4% females and 31.6% males). Urine samples were cultured to identify the microorganisms responsible for UTI. Biochemical tests were employed to identify the isolated bacteria, while the antimicrobial susceptibility was determined through disk diffusion susceptibility testing. Our study found to be the leading cause of UTIs, accounting for 58.4% of cases, followed by spp. Gram-negative bacteria comprised 85% of isolated strains. The 13–65 age group showed the highest UTI susceptibility (41.3%). High resistance was observed to ampicillin/sulbactam, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and co-trimoxazole. Conversely, minimal resistance was noted against Meropenem, Imipenem, Gentamicin, and Levofloxacin.This research highlights the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant infections within the hospital under study. Hence, there is an imperative to enhance the efficiency of comprehensive infection control initiatives to effectively handle and regulate hospital-acquired infections caused by highly resistant microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.019
Masood Ahmed Tahashildar, Umme Hani, Anil Kumar
: Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) remains to be the most concerned pathogen with enhanced multi-drug resistance in clinical set-ups. With an immediate need to control MRSA infection, there is a steep rise in the use of mupirocin as a decolonization regime.: A total of 65 MRSA samples were analysed in the present study. infection identified by standard conventional phenotypic methods. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of mupirocin (5 μg/ml) was found using Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined using MIC E-test strips of mupirocin.: All the bacterial strains presented with MIC value less than 4 μg/ml, 23 isolates falls in the range of 0.05 μg/ml and 0.19 μg/ml, 12 strains MIC ranged between 0.125 and 0.640 μg/ml. However, five MRSA isolates showed no zone against mupirocin E-strip.: In present study, 92% of isolates were sensitive to mupirocin, this gives hope that mupirocin can be promising in the elimination of MRSA strains, a major concern in clinical practice. Also, the use of 5µg mupirocin discs is economical as compared to mupirocin E-strips, mupirocin discs can be used in a low resourceful clinical setups. However, our study revealed no difference in sensitivity for both the E-strip and disc method.
: 耐甲氧西林（MRSA）仍是临床上最令人担忧的病原体，其多重耐药性增强。由于急需控制 MRSA 感染，使用莫匹罗星作为去污剂的情况急剧增加。 本研究共分析了 65 份 MRSA 样本，并通过标准的传统表型方法确定了感染情况。使用 Kirby Bauer 盘扩散法测定了莫匹罗星（5 μg/ml）的抗生素敏感性模式，并使用莫匹罗星 MIC E 测试条确定了最低抑菌浓度（MIC）： 所有细菌菌株的 MIC 值均小于 4 μg/ml，23 个分离菌株的 MIC 值介于 0.05 μg/ml 和 0.19 μg/ml 之间，12 个菌株的 MIC 值介于 0.125 和 0.640 μg/ml 之间。然而，有 5 株 MRSA 分离物对莫匹罗星电子条无耐受区： 在本研究中，92%的分离株对莫匹罗星敏感，这使人们看到了莫匹罗星在消除 MRSA 菌株方面的希望，而这正是临床实践中的一个主要问题。此外，与莫匹罗星电子药条相比，使用 5µg 莫匹罗星药片更为经济，因此莫匹罗星药片可用于资源匮乏的临床环境中。不过，我们的研究表明，电子药条和药盘法的敏感性没有差异。
{"title":"New insights: mupirocin resistance among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in southern Indian region","authors":"Masood Ahmed Tahashildar, Umme Hani, Anil Kumar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.019","url":null,"abstract":": Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) remains to be the most concerned pathogen with enhanced multi-drug resistance in clinical set-ups. With an immediate need to control MRSA infection, there is a steep rise in the use of mupirocin as a decolonization regime.: A total of 65 MRSA samples were analysed in the present study. infection identified by standard conventional phenotypic methods. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of mupirocin (5 μg/ml) was found using Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined using MIC E-test strips of mupirocin.: All the bacterial strains presented with MIC value less than 4 μg/ml, 23 isolates falls in the range of 0.05 μg/ml and 0.19 μg/ml, 12 strains MIC ranged between 0.125 and 0.640 μg/ml. However, five MRSA isolates showed no zone against mupirocin E-strip.: In present study, 92% of isolates were sensitive to mupirocin, this gives hope that mupirocin can be promising in the elimination of MRSA strains, a major concern in clinical practice. Also, the use of 5µg mupirocin discs is economical as compared to mupirocin E-strips, mupirocin discs can be used in a low resourceful clinical setups. However, our study revealed no difference in sensitivity for both the E-strip and disc method.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Carbapenem-resistant (CRE) are major organisms amongst the critical group of drug-resistant bacteria and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. With limited treatment options, the detection and characterization of carbapenemase is important for appropriate management. This study aims to characterize carbapenemase produced by using combined disk test and their molecular profiling. : All carbapenem-resistant isolated from various clinical samples were included in the study. Carbapenemase production was characterized by observing synergy on combining meropenem disk with beta-lactamase inhibitors like phenylboronic acid, EDTA, and cloxacillin, following which genetic profiling was done using multiplex PCR.: Out of 445 isolated, 104 (23.4%) were carbapenem-resistant. The most common CRE isolated was (62 out of 104) followed by (40 out of 104) and 2 out of 104 CRE isolates were species. Co-production of NDM and OXA-48-like enzymes (39.4%) was the most common mechanism followed by NDM alone (19.2%) and OXA-48 alone (16.3%). NDM was the most common gene detected overall with 72 out of 104 CRE (69.2%) isolates showing its presence, followed by OXA-48 present in 63 of 104 (60.6%) isolates.: Metallo-beta-lactamases (NDM) was the predominant type of carbapenemase gene detected among the isolates, with the co-production of NDM and OXA-48 enzymes being the most common mechanism of resistance.
{"title":"Characterizing carbapenemase production in Enterobacterales through combined disk test and genetic profiling","authors":"Shuchita Gaur, Rupam Gahlot, Nikita Sherwani, Suchita Netam, Sneha Dadarya","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.018","url":null,"abstract":": Carbapenem-resistant (CRE) are major organisms amongst the critical group of drug-resistant bacteria and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. With limited treatment options, the detection and characterization of carbapenemase is important for appropriate management. This study aims to characterize carbapenemase produced by using combined disk test and their molecular profiling. : All carbapenem-resistant isolated from various clinical samples were included in the study. Carbapenemase production was characterized by observing synergy on combining meropenem disk with beta-lactamase inhibitors like phenylboronic acid, EDTA, and cloxacillin, following which genetic profiling was done using multiplex PCR.: Out of 445 isolated, 104 (23.4%) were carbapenem-resistant. The most common CRE isolated was (62 out of 104) followed by (40 out of 104) and 2 out of 104 CRE isolates were species. Co-production of NDM and OXA-48-like enzymes (39.4%) was the most common mechanism followed by NDM alone (19.2%) and OXA-48 alone (16.3%). NDM was the most common gene detected overall with 72 out of 104 CRE (69.2%) isolates showing its presence, followed by OXA-48 present in 63 of 104 (60.6%) isolates.: Metallo-beta-lactamases (NDM) was the predominant type of carbapenemase gene detected among the isolates, with the co-production of NDM and OXA-48 enzymes being the most common mechanism of resistance.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.016
Nidhi Pal, Kushal Singh, U. S. Tomar, A.K. Sahni
: The prevalence of Rifampicin-resistant MTB/EPTB in children in India is a growing concern. Globally a large proportion of childhood tuberculosis (TB) cases are diagnosed based only on clinical findings. This study was undertaken to measure MTB positivity and their rifampicin resistance rates in different clinical samples from children. : Different samples of clinically suspected tuberculosis in children were included. All the samples were tested for Tuberculosis positivity and Rifampicin (Rif) resistance by GeneXpert assay. A total of 1420 samples were received from presumptive TB patients of all age group from February 2023 to January 2024. Total 1420 samples were analyzed for this study, of which 30% were male and 70% were females. Respiratory samples and extra-pulmonary samples were 1261 (88.8%) and 159 (11.2%) respectively. Among 1420, 211(14.86%) samples were from children and among these 75 (35.55%) were found MTB positive and 7 (9.33%) were Rif resistant MTB. Of 75 MTB detected patients, 77.8% and 22.2% MTB detected in female and male children respectively. There are higher prevalence of Rif resistant MTB in children so it is important for healthcare providers in India to be vigilant in timely diagnosis, individualized treatment and enhance surveillance. It is essential to combat this growing threat and protect the health of children.
{"title":"Rifampicin resistance in pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis cases in of children","authors":"Nidhi Pal, Kushal Singh, U. S. Tomar, A.K. Sahni","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.016","url":null,"abstract":": The prevalence of Rifampicin-resistant MTB/EPTB in children in India is a growing concern. Globally a large proportion of childhood tuberculosis (TB) cases are diagnosed based only on clinical findings. This study was undertaken to measure MTB positivity and their rifampicin resistance rates in different clinical samples from children. : Different samples of clinically suspected tuberculosis in children were included. All the samples were tested for Tuberculosis positivity and Rifampicin (Rif) resistance by GeneXpert assay. A total of 1420 samples were received from presumptive TB patients of all age group from February 2023 to January 2024. Total 1420 samples were analyzed for this study, of which 30% were male and 70% were females. Respiratory samples and extra-pulmonary samples were 1261 (88.8%) and 159 (11.2%) respectively. Among 1420, 211(14.86%) samples were from children and among these 75 (35.55%) were found MTB positive and 7 (9.33%) were Rif resistant MTB. Of 75 MTB detected patients, 77.8% and 22.2% MTB detected in female and male children respectively. There are higher prevalence of Rif resistant MTB in children so it is important for healthcare providers in India to be vigilant in timely diagnosis, individualized treatment and enhance surveillance. It is essential to combat this growing threat and protect the health of children.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.015
M. Mehmood, Huma Anwar ul-Haq, Rida Tariq, Ahad Fayyaz, Faisal Ameen, Nadeem Sharif
: To isolate and detect a Newcastle disease virus in commercial poultry, Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the confirmed isolate and Multiple sequence alignment and achievement of accession numbers against our submissions in NCBI bankit.: Genetic and antigenic diversity in the fusion protein gene of New Castle disease virus strains has been recognized and the progressive changes over sequential years indicate that it is a continuously evolving virus. The current vaccines containing conventional vaccinal strains can protect birds to a certain level but do not prevent infection and virus shedding. : The partial fusion protein gene of the 14 NDV isolates during the 2023 outbreaks from different areas of Pakistan was determined and analyzed. The antigenic protein translational segment of the fusion gene nucleotide fragment was targeted with a specifically designed primer executed 202 bp size of predictable amplicon during PCR amplification. The nucleotide sequence analysis of studied isolates showed closed similarity to the NCBI bankit numbers. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 3 isolates belong to genotype II while, 2 isolates positions near genotype VIII of class II. The 6 isolates were located near genotype XVII and only 1 was presented on genotype V branch in calss II. Mutation analysis results revealed various mutations at nucleotide intervals and even found altered amino acids during translation. The results revealed that nucleotide mutation at various positions attributes amino acid substitution that enables wild prevailing strains to evade artificial active immunity. In such a scenario Chimeric and genotype match vaccines prepared from indigenous isolates may be useful in developing candidate vaccines to prevent virus shedding and infection. Further studies are suggested at molecular level to determine the consensus amino acid sequence for virulent, mesogenic, and avirulent prevailing NDV strains.
:分离并检测商业家禽中的新城疫病毒，对确证分离株进行分子特征鉴定和系统发育分析，并根据我们在 NCBI 数据库中提交的数据进行多序列比对并获得加入号：新城疫病毒毒株融合蛋白基因的遗传和抗原多样性已得到确认，连续多年的渐进变化表明这是一种不断进化的病毒。目前含有传统疫苗毒株的疫苗可以在一定程度上保护鸟类，但不能防止感染和病毒脱落。 研究人员测定并分析了 2023 年巴基斯坦不同地区暴发的 14 个新城疫病毒分离株的部分融合蛋白基因。在 PCR 扩增过程中，使用专门设计的引物针对融合基因核苷酸片段的抗原蛋白翻译片段执行了 202 bp 大小的可预测扩增片段。研究分离物的核苷酸序列分析表明与 NCBI bankit 编号非常相似。系统进化分析表明，3 个分离株属于基因型 II，2 个分离株位于基因型 VIII 的 II 类附近。6 个分离株位于基因型 XVII 附近，只有 1 个出现在基因型 V 分支中。突变分析结果显示了核苷酸间的各种突变，甚至发现了翻译过程中氨基酸的改变。结果表明，不同位置的核苷酸突变会导致氨基酸置换，从而使野生菌株能够逃避人工主动免疫。在这种情况下，从本地分离株制备的嵌合疫苗和基因型匹配疫苗可能有助于开发候选疫苗，以防止病毒脱落和感染。建议在分子水平上开展进一步研究，以确定毒性、中毒性和无毒性流行 NDV 株系的共识氨基酸序列。
{"title":"PCR-based detection and mutation dynamics of fusion protein gene of orthoaviula viruses sequestered during 2023 field outbreaks in Pakistan","authors":"M. Mehmood, Huma Anwar ul-Haq, Rida Tariq, Ahad Fayyaz, Faisal Ameen, Nadeem Sharif","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.015","url":null,"abstract":": To isolate and detect a Newcastle disease virus in commercial poultry, Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the confirmed isolate and Multiple sequence alignment and achievement of accession numbers against our submissions in NCBI bankit.: Genetic and antigenic diversity in the fusion protein gene of New Castle disease virus strains has been recognized and the progressive changes over sequential years indicate that it is a continuously evolving virus. The current vaccines containing conventional vaccinal strains can protect birds to a certain level but do not prevent infection and virus shedding. : The partial fusion protein gene of the 14 NDV isolates during the 2023 outbreaks from different areas of Pakistan was determined and analyzed. The antigenic protein translational segment of the fusion gene nucleotide fragment was targeted with a specifically designed primer executed 202 bp size of predictable amplicon during PCR amplification. The nucleotide sequence analysis of studied isolates showed closed similarity to the NCBI bankit numbers. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 3 isolates belong to genotype II while, 2 isolates positions near genotype VIII of class II. The 6 isolates were located near genotype XVII and only 1 was presented on genotype V branch in calss II. Mutation analysis results revealed various mutations at nucleotide intervals and even found altered amino acids during translation. The results revealed that nucleotide mutation at various positions attributes amino acid substitution that enables wild prevailing strains to evade artificial active immunity. In such a scenario Chimeric and genotype match vaccines prepared from indigenous isolates may be useful in developing candidate vaccines to prevent virus shedding and infection. Further studies are suggested at molecular level to determine the consensus amino acid sequence for virulent, mesogenic, and avirulent prevailing NDV strains.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.017
Amit Khelgi, Sathya Anandam
: Hand hygiene (HH) holds a pivotal role in infection control. However, compliance with hand hygiene has remained low worldwide. Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI) incidence is rising in most healthcare facilities. It is postulated that around 30% of HAI can be reduced by following strict hand hygiene protocols by healthcare workers (HCWs). This study was done to evaluate the level of compliance of healthcare personnel in our tertiary care hospital with respect to appropriate hand hygiene practices by employing HH audits. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital over six months. A single‑ observer direct observation technique was used to collect the HH compliance data conducted by trained Infection control nurses. HCWs, including doctors, nurses, CRMIs and technicians, were observed for compliance in all the critical areas, outpatient and inpatient sections across all departments. The HH audit form designed based on the WHO's HH audit tool kit was used in the study. The audits were conducted randomly in all the areas for at least 20 minutes per day. : A total of 583 HCWs were observed for the Hand Hygiene Compliance audit. The overall HH compliance rate was 67.88%, with doctors at 74.31%, followed by nurses at 70.42%. Compliance was observed in OBG/Labour ward at 78.7% and the oncology ward at 78.5%. WHO moments-specific hand hygiene adherence showed the least compliance rate of 55% for moment 1, followed by moment 5 with 58.9%. Best compliance was observed for moment 3, with 79.2%.: The overall hand hygiene compliance was comparatively better in our study. Specific measures such as improved facilities, training and monitoring are needed to attain good H`H compliance.
{"title":"Evaluation of hand hygiene practices of health care workers in tertiary care hospital by systematic hand hygiene audits","authors":"Amit Khelgi, Sathya Anandam","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.017","url":null,"abstract":": Hand hygiene (HH) holds a pivotal role in infection control. However, compliance with hand hygiene has remained low worldwide. Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI) incidence is rising in most healthcare facilities. It is postulated that around 30% of HAI can be reduced by following strict hand hygiene protocols by healthcare workers (HCWs). This study was done to evaluate the level of compliance of healthcare personnel in our tertiary care hospital with respect to appropriate hand hygiene practices by employing HH audits. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital over six months. A single‑ observer direct observation technique was used to collect the HH compliance data conducted by trained Infection control nurses. HCWs, including doctors, nurses, CRMIs and technicians, were observed for compliance in all the critical areas, outpatient and inpatient sections across all departments. The HH audit form designed based on the WHO's HH audit tool kit was used in the study. The audits were conducted randomly in all the areas for at least 20 minutes per day. : A total of 583 HCWs were observed for the Hand Hygiene Compliance audit. The overall HH compliance rate was 67.88%, with doctors at 74.31%, followed by nurses at 70.42%. Compliance was observed in OBG/Labour ward at 78.7% and the oncology ward at 78.5%. WHO moments-specific hand hygiene adherence showed the least compliance rate of 55% for moment 1, followed by moment 5 with 58.9%. Best compliance was observed for moment 3, with 79.2%.: The overall hand hygiene compliance was comparatively better in our study. Specific measures such as improved facilities, training and monitoring are needed to attain good H`H compliance.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.022
A. Rajeev, Sushitha T Surendran
Melioidosis is a rare multi system involving infectious disease caused by This case report is on a 60year old male patient who was presented with long history of intermittent fever. We reviewed literature on and management.
{"title":"A case report on melioidosis","authors":"A. Rajeev, Sushitha T Surendran","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.022","url":null,"abstract":"Melioidosis is a rare multi system involving infectious disease caused by This case report is on a 60year old male patient who was presented with long history of intermittent fever. We reviewed literature on and management.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141646542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.021
P. Waghmare, Nilanjana Mukherjee, Deepak K Shinde, V. Chincholkar
Bloodstream infections (BSI) due to multidrug-resistant organisms from paediatric setup have become increasingly common. BSI can be transient and be rapidly cleared out by the host defence mechanism or be associated with high morbidity and mortality if it becomes persistent.Blood samples were collected from 1112 children within a 1-year study period (July 2022 to June 2023) which included all children admitted with complaint of fever and suspected of having sepsis in Paediatric department of Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Sarvopchar Rugnalaya (SCSMSR), Solapur. Blood volume was collected depending upon age and body weight of the patient with aseptic precautions and inoculated in Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHI) which was incubated at 37°C for 7 days. Subcultures were made on blood agar and MacConkey agar plates. Organisms were identified by biochemical reactions and antibiotic susceptibility test of the isolates were performed by disk diffusion. Out of 1112 suspected cases, 175 (15.74%) were culture positive. (27.43%) was the most common isolate followed by (16.57%) Most common Gram positive isolate was (11.43%) followed by (6.86%). Total Multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates in Gram negative and Gram positive were 50.35% and 31.25% respectively.High rates of antibiotic resistance are observed in both gram positive and gram negative organisms. Thus, there is an urgent need for proper implementation of antibiotic stewardship programme and infection prevention and control measures.
{"title":"Bacteriological profile of bloodstream infections in pediatric age group in a tertiary care centre, Solapur","authors":"P. Waghmare, Nilanjana Mukherjee, Deepak K Shinde, V. Chincholkar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmr.2024.021","url":null,"abstract":"Bloodstream infections (BSI) due to multidrug-resistant organisms from paediatric setup have become increasingly common. BSI can be transient and be rapidly cleared out by the host defence mechanism or be associated with high morbidity and mortality if it becomes persistent.Blood samples were collected from 1112 children within a 1-year study period (July 2022 to June 2023) which included all children admitted with complaint of fever and suspected of having sepsis in Paediatric department of Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Sarvopchar Rugnalaya (SCSMSR), Solapur. Blood volume was collected depending upon age and body weight of the patient with aseptic precautions and inoculated in Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHI) which was incubated at 37°C for 7 days. Subcultures were made on blood agar and MacConkey agar plates. Organisms were identified by biochemical reactions and antibiotic susceptibility test of the isolates were performed by disk diffusion. Out of 1112 suspected cases, 175 (15.74%) were culture positive. (27.43%) was the most common isolate followed by (16.57%) Most common Gram positive isolate was (11.43%) followed by (6.86%). Total Multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates in Gram negative and Gram positive were 50.35% and 31.25% respectively.High rates of antibiotic resistance are observed in both gram positive and gram negative organisms. Thus, there is an urgent need for proper implementation of antibiotic stewardship programme and infection prevention and control measures.","PeriodicalId":13428,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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