La motorización de una agricultura atlántica y ganadera de pequeños propietarios: La difusión de tractores agrícolas en Galicia, 1939-2000

IF 0.4 4区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Historia Agraria Pub Date : 2023-02-07 DOI:10.26882/histagrar.090e04e
Bruno Esperante
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Abstract

The motorisation and diffusion of agricultural tractors has often been explained from neoclassical approaches as a technological change typical of large-scale, wage-labour, cereal-oriented agriculture. However, in this article we analyse the diffusion of tractors in an Atlantic smallholding agricultural system that involved livestock and family labour in Galicia from 1939 to 2000. From an evolutionary economics approach, we examine technological change with special attention to the institutional context, the supply of tractors during the Franco dictatorship, the transition to democracy and the early decades of democracy in Galicia and throughout Spain. The documentation for this work comes from various sources, including the Archivo General de la Administración (AGA), the Rexistro Oficial de Maquinaria Agrícola (ROMA) of the four Galician provinces, and informative literature from agricultural journals and machinery companies in the Biblioteca Nacional de España (BNE). We also analysed innovation and motorisation from a peasant economy approach by doing fieldwork consisting of semi-directed, open-ended interviews and consulting provincial and municipal archives. The main results point to the supply factor as a crucial element in the diffusion of tractors in Galicia and Spain from the 1960s onwards. However, micro analysis based on the peasant economy reveals how the logics behind the adoption of technological changes did not necessarily align with increasing immediate economic benefits, but reflected other cultural considerations such as prestige or reducing the perception of self-exploitation in family work.
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大西洋农业和小农畜牧业的机动化:1939-2000年加利西亚农业拖拉机的普及
农用拖拉机的机动化和普及常常被新古典主义解释为大规模、雇佣劳动、以谷物为导向的农业的典型技术变革。然而,在本文中,我们分析了拖拉机在大西洋小农农业系统中的扩散,该系统涉及加利西亚从1939年到2000年的牲畜和家庭劳动力。从进化经济学的角度,我们研究了技术变革,特别关注制度背景、佛朗哥独裁统治期间拖拉机的供应、向民主的过渡以及加利西亚和整个西班牙民主的最初几十年。这项工作的文件来自各种来源,包括加利西亚四省的总档案馆Administración (AGA)、马奎纳里亚图书馆Agrícola (ROMA),以及国家图书馆España (BNE)农业期刊和机械公司的信息文献。我们还从农民经济的角度分析了创新和机动化,方法是进行由半定向、开放式访谈和咨询省、市档案组成的实地调查。主要结果表明,供应因素是20世纪60年代以来拖拉机在加利西亚和西班牙推广的关键因素。然而,基于农民经济的微观分析揭示了采用技术变革背后的逻辑并不一定与增加直接经济利益相一致,而是反映了其他文化考虑,如声望或减少家庭工作中自我剥削的感觉。
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来源期刊
Historia Agraria
Historia Agraria Multiple-
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
31
审稿时长
30 weeks
期刊介绍: Revista de agricultura e historia rural es una publicación cuatrimestral en lengua castellana especializada en historia de la agricultura, la economía y la sociedad rural. Su objetivo es difundir las investigaciones relativas a la historia agraria en todos los periodos y campos de interés para los especialistas. Los temas cubren aspectos empíricos, teóricos y metodológicos, que serán publicados en las secciones correspondientes de Debates, Estados de la cuestión, Estudios y Notas de investigación.
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