Experimental investigation on stress distribution and migration of the overburden during the mining process in deep coal seam mining

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Geoenvironmental Disasters Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI:10.1186/s40677-023-00253-6
Shoulong Ma, Mingwei Zhang, Lu Ma, Zhuangcai Tian, Xue Li, Zhenhao Su, Sicheng Bian
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Abstract

Abstract Coal mining has a significant impact on the movement of the overburden, leading to potential safety hazards in the working face. In this paper, a similarity simulation experiment was conducted to investigate the migration of overburden during the mining process of a specific working face in the Liuzhuang Coal Mine located in southern China. Sand and gravel were used to simulate the geological environment of each rock stratum. The deformation of the stratum was monitored using strain gauges, the fracture and displacement changes of the overburden stratum were recorded using cameras, and the characteristics of roof collapse was monitored using infrared thermal imager. The experimental model fully simulated the situation of the working face, and the actual working face size was obtained by enlarging the model by 100 times. The experiment found that during the initial stage of mining, there was no significant subsidence of the roof. In the course of the advancement of the working face, the primary roof intermittently fractured behind the working face, with subsequent propagation of upper cracks in an upward direction. The overburden rock layer above the goaf experienced continuous compaction, leading to the gradual closure of the separation layer. Simultaneously, new cracks constantly emerged in front of the working face, resulting in the progressive stabilization of the height of the crack zone. The stress measurements at each point exhibit a pattern of initial increased, followed by decrease, and ultimately stabilization. By considering the stress variation law of the overburden rock, the stress changes in key layers of the bedrock during mining could be categorized into four zones: the stress stable zone, stress increasing zone, stress reducing zone, and compaction stable zone. During the initial phase of coal seam mining, the presence of rock layers provided support, resulting in minimal subsidence of the overburden rock. However, as the mining operation progressed, the disturbance force and collapse of the overburden rock leaded to further downward subsidence. When the working face reached the stop line, the collapsed overburden rock gradually consolidates, resulting in a deceleration of energy release and the formation of a pressure relief zone. Consequently, the overburden rock above the working face underwent a slight additional subsidence, reaching its maximum level. A short cantilever rock beam structure was formed in the experiment. This study will provide valuable reference for future coal mining and serve as a vital theoretical basis for roof control in deep coal seam mining.
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深部煤层开采过程中覆岩应力分布及迁移试验研究
煤矿开采对覆岩的移动影响较大,导致工作面存在安全隐患。本文对刘庄煤矿某工作面开采过程中覆岩迁移进行了相似模拟试验研究。采用砂石模拟各岩层的地质环境。利用应变片监测地层变形,利用摄像机记录上覆岩层的断裂和位移变化,利用红外热像仪监测顶板垮落特征。实验模型充分模拟了工作面情况,将模型放大100倍得到了实际工作面尺寸。试验发现,在采矿初期,顶板没有明显的下沉。在工作面推进过程中,工作面后方主顶板间歇性断裂,上部裂缝随后向上扩展。采空区上方覆岩层连续压实,导致离层逐渐闭合。同时,工作面前方不断出现新的裂缝,导致裂缝区高度逐渐稳定。各点应力测量呈现出先增大后减小,最后趋于稳定的规律。结合覆岩应力变化规律,将基岩关键层采动过程中的应力变化划分为应力稳定区、应力增加区、应力减小区和压实稳定区4个区域。在煤层开采的初始阶段,岩层的存在提供了支撑,导致覆岩的沉降最小。然而,随着采矿作业的进行,扰动力和覆岩的崩塌导致了进一步的向下沉陷。当工作面到达停止线时,坍塌的覆岩逐渐固结,导致能量释放减速,形成卸压区。因此,工作面上方覆岩发生了轻微的额外下沉,达到了最大水平。实验形成了短悬臂岩梁结构。该研究将为今后的煤矿开采提供有价值的参考,并为深部煤层开采顶板控制提供重要的理论依据。
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来源期刊
Geoenvironmental Disasters
Geoenvironmental Disasters Social Sciences-Geography, Planning and Development
CiteScore
8.90
自引率
6.20%
发文量
22
期刊介绍: Geoenvironmental Disasters is an international journal with a focus on multi-disciplinary applied and fundamental research and the effects and impacts on infrastructure, society and the environment of geoenvironmental disasters triggered by various types of geo-hazards (e.g. earthquakes, volcanic activity, landslides, tsunamis, intensive erosion and hydro-meteorological events). The integrated study of Geoenvironmental Disasters is an emerging and composite field of research interfacing with areas traditionally within civil engineering, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences and the life sciences. It centers on the interactions within and between the Earth''s ground, air and water environments, all of which are affected by climate, geological, morphological and anthropological processes; and biological and ecological cycles. Disasters are dynamic forces which can change the Earth pervasively, rapidly, or abruptly, and which can generate lasting effects on the natural and built environments. The journal publishes research papers, case studies and quick reports of recent geoenvironmental disasters, review papers and technical reports of various geoenvironmental disaster-related case studies. The focus on case studies and quick reports of recent geoenvironmental disasters helps to advance the practical understanding of geoenvironmental disasters and to inform future research priorities; they are a major component of the journal. The journal aims for the rapid publication of research papers at a high scientific level. The journal welcomes proposals for special issues reflecting the trends in geoenvironmental disaster reduction and monothematic issues. Researchers and practitioners are encouraged to submit original, unpublished contributions.
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