Revision of diagnostic guidelines for parathyroid adenoma based on case reports and a literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Parathyroid adenoma is a benign tumor that affects the parathyroid glands, small organs in the neck that produce parathyroid hormone (PTH). The most common cause of adenoma is a mutation in the MEN1 gene. When a person has a parathyroid adenoma, the affected gland produces excess PTH, which can lead to high levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia). Symptoms of hypercalcemia can include fatigue, weakness, bone pain, kidney stones, excessive thirst, and urination. Diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma typically involves blood tests to measure calcium and PTH levels, as well as imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI to locate the tumor. Treatment most often involves surgical removal of the adenoma, which effectively cures the hypercalcemia in most cases.

Case reports: The article presents two cases of patients with parathyroid adenoma, concentrating on the symptomatology, diagnostic workup, and treatment. We searched for and verified the recommendations in the recent literature to revise the diagnostic guidelines for this pathology.