Risk factors of deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia: Results from a cross-sectional study

IF 5.2 3区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.05.005
Agnieszka Cyran , Patryk Piotrowski , Jerzy Samochowiec , Tomasz Grąźlewski , Błażej Misiak
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Abstract

Aim

It has been observed that deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia (SCZ-D and SCZ-ND) might be characterized by different risk factors. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess as to whether previously reported risk factors of schizophrenia are specifically associated with SCZ-D and SCZ-ND.

Method

This study was based on a cohort of 118 stable outpatients with schizophrenia. A diagnosis of SCZ-D was established using the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome (SDS). Risk factors were recorded using structured interview, the Operational Criteria for Psychotic Illness (OPCRIT) checklist and the Traumatic Experience Checklist (TEC). The following risk factors were explored: male sex, a history of schizophrenia in first-degree relatives, seasonality of birth, birth weight <3000 g, delivery by cesarean section, a history of childhood trauma (emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse and sexual abuse) as well as substance abuse (other than nicotine) and cigarette smoking at psychosis onset.

Results

Individuals with SCZ-D were more likely to be males as well as reported higher rates of birth weight <3000 g and any categories of childhood trauma. In turn, substance abuse (other than nicotine) at psychosis onset was significantly more frequent in patients with SCZ-ND. Binary logistic regression, controlling for multiple comparisons, revealed similar findings, except for the association with any categories of childhood trauma that appeared to be not significant.

Conclusion

Our findings partially replicate differential patterns of risk factors for SCZ-D (male sex and birth weight <3000 g) and SCZ-ND (substance abuse at psychosis onset), likely attributable to the effects of timing of exposure.

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缺乏性和非缺乏性精神分裂症的危险因素:一项横断面研究的结果
目的观察缺陷型和非缺陷型精神分裂症(SCZ-D和SCZ-ND)可能具有不同的危险因素。因此,本研究旨在评估先前报道的精神分裂症危险因素是否与SCZ-D和SCZ-ND特异性相关。方法对118例稳定的精神分裂症门诊患者进行队列研究。使用缺陷综合征表(SDS)建立SCZ-D的诊断。采用结构化访谈、精神疾病操作标准(OPCRIT)和创伤经历检查表(TEC)记录危险因素。以下风险因素被探讨:男性、一级亲属有精神分裂症史、出生季节性、出生体重3000克、剖宫产、童年创伤史(情感虐待、情感忽视、身体虐待和性虐待)以及精神疾病发病时的药物滥用(尼古丁除外)和吸烟。结果患有SCZ-D的个体更有可能是男性,并且报告的出生体重超过3000克和任何类别的童年创伤的比例更高。反过来,SCZ-ND患者在精神病发作时药物滥用(尼古丁除外)明显更频繁。二元逻辑回归,控制多重比较,揭示了类似的发现,除了与任何类别的儿童创伤的关联似乎不显著。结论:我们的研究结果部分重复了SCZ-D(男性性别和出生体重<3000 g)和SCZ-ND(精神病发病时药物滥用)危险因素的差异模式,可能归因于暴露时间的影响。
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来源期刊
自引率
3.30%
发文量
58
期刊介绍: The Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health (SJPMH), incorporated into ISSN 1888-9891, is the official scientific publication of the Spanish Society of Psychiatry and Mental Health. The journal focuses on studying mental illnesses, their pathological processes, and their psychosocial consequences, and aims to disseminate scientific advances in all areas related to mental health and illness. SJPMH accepts unpublished works on psychiatry and mental health, including their medical and social implications. The journal provides space for research in the biological, clinical, and psychosocial fields. Manuscripts undergo peer-review by external reviewers before being accepted for publication. SJPMH is indexed in Index Medicus/Medline, IBECS, Social Sciences Citation Index Journal Citation Reports/Social Sciences Edition, and Current Contents/Social and Behavioral Sciences.
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