{"title":"Antitumor polysaccharides from mushrooms: a review on the structural characteristics, antitumor mechanisms and immunomodulating activities","authors":"Xin Meng, Hebin Liang, Lixin Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2016.02.008","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Mushrooms are popular folk medicines that have attracted considerable attention because of their efficient antitumor activities<span>. This review covers existing research achievements on the mechanisms of isolated mushroom polysaccharides, particularly (1→3)-β-D-glucans. Our review also describes the function in modulating the immune system and potential tumor-inhibitory effects of polysaccharides. The antitumor mechanisms of mushroom polysaccharides are mediated by stimulated </span></span>T cells<span> or other immune cells<span><span>. These polysaccharides are able to trigger various cellular responses, such as the expression of cytokines and nitric oxide. Most polysaccharides could bind other conjugate molecules, such as </span>polypeptides and proteins, whose conjugation always possess strong antitumor activities. The purpose of this review is to summarize available information, and to reflect the present situation of polysaccharide research filed with a view for future direction.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"424 ","pages":"Pages 30-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2016-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.carres.2016.02.008","citationCount":"351","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Carbohydrate Research","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008621516300362","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 351
Abstract
Mushrooms are popular folk medicines that have attracted considerable attention because of their efficient antitumor activities. This review covers existing research achievements on the mechanisms of isolated mushroom polysaccharides, particularly (1→3)-β-D-glucans. Our review also describes the function in modulating the immune system and potential tumor-inhibitory effects of polysaccharides. The antitumor mechanisms of mushroom polysaccharides are mediated by stimulated T cells or other immune cells. These polysaccharides are able to trigger various cellular responses, such as the expression of cytokines and nitric oxide. Most polysaccharides could bind other conjugate molecules, such as polypeptides and proteins, whose conjugation always possess strong antitumor activities. The purpose of this review is to summarize available information, and to reflect the present situation of polysaccharide research filed with a view for future direction.
蘑菇是一种流行的民间药物，因其有效的抗肿瘤活性而受到广泛关注。本文综述了近年来国内外对分离蘑菇多糖，特别是(1→3)-β- d -葡聚糖产生机理的研究进展。我们还介绍了多糖在调节免疫系统和潜在的肿瘤抑制作用中的功能。蘑菇多糖的抗肿瘤机制是通过刺激T细胞或其他免疫细胞介导的。这些多糖能够触发各种细胞反应，如细胞因子和一氧化氮的表达。大多数多糖都能结合其他偶联分子，如多肽和蛋白质，这些偶联分子具有很强的抗肿瘤活性。本文综述的目的是总结现有的研究资料，反映多糖研究领域的现状，展望未来的发展方向。
期刊介绍：
Carbohydrate Research publishes reports of original research in the following areas of carbohydrate science: action of enzymes, analytical chemistry, biochemistry (biosynthesis, degradation, structural and functional biochemistry, conformation, molecular recognition, enzyme mechanisms, carbohydrate-processing enzymes, including glycosidases and glycosyltransferases), chemical synthesis, isolation of natural products, physicochemical studies, reactions and their mechanisms, the study of structures and stereochemistry, and technological aspects.
Papers on polysaccharides should have a "molecular" component; that is a paper on new or modified polysaccharides should include structural information and characterization in addition to the usual studies of rheological properties and the like. A paper on a new, naturally occurring polysaccharide should include structural information, defining monosaccharide components and linkage sequence.
Papers devoted wholly or partly to X-ray crystallographic studies, or to computational aspects (molecular mechanics or molecular orbital calculations, simulations via molecular dynamics), will be considered if they meet certain criteria. For computational papers the requirements are that the methods used be specified in sufficient detail to permit replication of the results, and that the conclusions be shown to have relevance to experimental observations - the authors'' own data or data from the literature. Specific directions for the presentation of X-ray data are given below under Results and "discussion".
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