Pub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2025.109462
Elena N. Sigida , Maxim S. Kokoulin , Vlada S. Belova , Marina S. Kuzina , Natalya S. Velichko , Vyacheslav S. Grinev , Yuliya P. Fedonenko
Lipopolysaccharide was obtained by hot aqueous-phenol extraction from Vreelandella alkaliphila B521, a moderately halophilic gram-negative bacterium isolated from mud of Lake Botkul, Volgograd Region, Russia. The O-polysaccharide (OPS) was released by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide and was structurally characterized by chemical analyses and by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The following structure of the OPS trisaccharide repeating unit was identified: →4)-α-l-GulpNAcA-(1 → 4)-α-l-GulpNAcA-(1 → 6)-α-d-GlcpNAc-(1→
{"title":"Structural studies on the O-polysaccharide of Vreelandella alkaliphila strain B521","authors":"Elena N. Sigida , Maxim S. Kokoulin , Vlada S. Belova , Marina S. Kuzina , Natalya S. Velichko , Vyacheslav S. Grinev , Yuliya P. Fedonenko","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lipopolysaccharide was obtained by hot aqueous-phenol extraction from <em>Vreelandella alkaliphila</em> B521, a moderately halophilic gram-negative bacterium isolated from mud of Lake Botkul, Volgograd Region, Russia. The O-polysaccharide (OPS) was released by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide and was structurally characterized by chemical analyses and by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The following structure of the OPS trisaccharide repeating unit was identified: →4)-α-<span>l</span>-Gul<em>p</em>NAcA-(1 → 4)-α-<span>l</span>-Gul<em>p</em>NAcA-(1 → 6)-α-<span>d</span>-Glc<em>p</em>NAc-(1→</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"552 ","pages":"Article 109462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-12DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2025.109459
Gang Zhu , Qiang Ruan , Zhonghui Tian , Fengxia Liu , Luyan Guo , Zhongrui Zhang
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for over 90 % of all oral cancers, underscoring the urgent need for effective treatment strategies to improve patient survival. Grape seed polyphenols (GSP), a naturally occurring plant-derived compound, have shown promise as a therapeutic agent for OSCC. However, their clinical application is limited by poor solubility and instability. To address these challenges, coordination polymers (CPs) were employed as drug carriers, enhancing GSP's solubility, bioavailability, and controlled release. In this study, compound 1 (CP1) was synthesized and incorporated with GSP (CP1@1@GSP), significantly improving drug encapsulation efficiency (over 50 %) and drug loading (16 %), ensuring more effective drug delivery. Despite these advantages, concerns about metal ion release and potential immune responses necessitate further safety evaluation. To mitigate these risks, chitosan (CS), a biocompatible and low-toxicity natural polymer, was introduced. The development of pyrene-modified chitosan-based hollow nanoparticles (Pyrene-CS@CP1@1@GSP) facilitated both drug delivery and fluorescence-based real-time tracking. Characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirmed the uniform spherical morphology of the nanoparticles, with an average size of approximately 150 nm, stable dispersion, a low polydispersity index (PDI), and excellent self-assembly properties. Further functional evaluation revealed that Pyrene-CS@CP1@1@GSP effectively modulates glycolysis in OSCC cells. Treatment significantly inhibited OSCC cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, with glucose levels in the cell supernatant increasing significantly (p < 0.05), indicating reduced glucose uptake by cancer cells. Simultaneously, lactic acid levels decreased (p < 0.05), suggesting suppression of glycolytic activity. Additionally, fluorescence quenching and subsequent restoration of pyrene fluorescence during drug release enabled real-time tracking of drug distribution. These findings demonstrate that Pyrene-CS@CP1@1@GSP enhances the bioavailability and stability of GSP while effectively regulating glycolysis, thereby influencing OSCC progression. This study presents a promising strategy for targeted OSCC therapy, offering both improved treatment efficacy and real-time drug release monitoring, with potential applications in future clinical settings.
{"title":"Chitosan-based fluorescent nanocarriers: A novel drug delivery strategy for oral squamous cell carcinoma therapy","authors":"Gang Zhu , Qiang Ruan , Zhonghui Tian , Fengxia Liu , Luyan Guo , Zhongrui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for over 90 % of all oral cancers, underscoring the urgent need for effective treatment strategies to improve patient survival. Grape seed polyphenols (GSP), a naturally occurring plant-derived compound, have shown promise as a therapeutic agent for OSCC. However, their clinical application is limited by poor solubility and instability. To address these challenges, coordination polymers (CPs) were employed as drug carriers, enhancing GSP's solubility, bioavailability, and controlled release. In this study, compound 1 (CP1) was synthesized and incorporated with GSP (CP1@1@GSP), significantly improving drug encapsulation efficiency (over 50 %) and drug loading (16 %), ensuring more effective drug delivery. Despite these advantages, concerns about metal ion release and potential immune responses necessitate further safety evaluation. To mitigate these risks, chitosan (CS), a biocompatible and low-toxicity natural polymer, was introduced. The development of pyrene-modified chitosan-based hollow nanoparticles (Pyrene-CS@CP1@1@GSP) facilitated both drug delivery and fluorescence-based real-time tracking. Characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirmed the uniform spherical morphology of the nanoparticles, with an average size of approximately 150 nm, stable dispersion, a low polydispersity index (PDI), and excellent self-assembly properties. Further functional evaluation revealed that Pyrene-CS@CP1@1@GSP effectively modulates glycolysis in OSCC cells. Treatment significantly inhibited OSCC cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, with glucose levels in the cell supernatant increasing significantly (p < 0.05), indicating reduced glucose uptake by cancer cells. Simultaneously, lactic acid levels decreased (p < 0.05), suggesting suppression of glycolytic activity. Additionally, fluorescence quenching and subsequent restoration of pyrene fluorescence during drug release enabled real-time tracking of drug distribution. These findings demonstrate that Pyrene-CS@CP1@1@GSP enhances the bioavailability and stability of GSP while effectively regulating glycolysis, thereby influencing OSCC progression. This study presents a promising strategy for targeted OSCC therapy, offering both improved treatment efficacy and real-time drug release monitoring, with potential applications in future clinical settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"552 ","pages":"Article 109459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-08DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2025.109457
Yuanfang Liu , Chuanfang Zhao , Jun Liu , Yuguo Du
Two novel KRN7000 analogues, where d-galactopyranosyl residue was replaced by 5α-gem-difluorocarba-β-l-arabinopyranose, were designed based on docking computation and energy decomposition analyses. The target compounds were synthesized employing the key steps of Ferrier's carbocyclic ring closure and gem-difluoride formation with d-galactose as starting material. The in vivo bioassay revealed that the designed glycolipids could stimulate iNKT cells to produce cytokines IFN-γ and IL-4. The introduced hydroxyl groups on glycolipid acyl chain provided extra CD1d substrate affinities, and thus favored to boost Th1-type cytokine secretion. When the ring oxygen was replaced by CF2 group on sugar unit, its TCR affinities were enhanced in contrast with KRN7000. The in vivo cytokine profiles induced by synthetic glycolipids were initially dominated by the binding ability of CD1/glycolipid, and then adjusted by affinity toward TCR in CD1/α-GalCer/TCR triplex structure. The current results could be helpful in designing of more efficient α-GalCer analogs.
{"title":"Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel KRN7000 analogues using 5α-gem-difluorocarba-β-l-arabinopyranose","authors":"Yuanfang Liu , Chuanfang Zhao , Jun Liu , Yuguo Du","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two novel KRN7000 analogues, where <span>d</span>-galactopyranosyl residue was replaced by 5α-<em>gem</em>-difluorocarba-β-<span>l</span>-arabinopyranose, were designed based on docking computation and energy decomposition analyses. The target compounds were synthesized employing the key steps of Ferrier's carbocyclic ring closure and <em>gem</em>-difluoride formation with <span>d</span>-galactose as starting material. The <em>in vivo</em> bioassay revealed that the designed glycolipids could stimulate iNKT cells to produce cytokines IFN-<em>γ</em> and IL-4. The introduced hydroxyl groups on glycolipid acyl chain provided extra CD1d substrate affinities, and thus favored to boost Th1-type cytokine secretion. When the ring oxygen was replaced by CF<sub>2</sub> group on sugar unit, its TCR affinities were enhanced in contrast with KRN7000. The <em>in vivo</em> cytokine profiles induced by synthetic glycolipids were initially dominated by the binding ability of CD1/glycolipid, and then adjusted by affinity toward TCR in CD1/<em>α</em>-GalCer/TCR triplex structure. The current results could be helpful in designing of more efficient <em>α</em>-GalCer analogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"552 ","pages":"Article 109457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Gram-positive bacterium Oenococcus oeni is a major player in wine malolactic fermentation. In O. oeni, cell wall polysaccharides are considered putative receptors for bacteriophages, virus predators that lead to fermentation failures. In this study, we have developed an efficient stepwise extraction protocol to extract polysaccharides from the cell wall of O. oeni IOEBS277, which were analyzed by methylation, 1D, 2D-NMR spectroscopy, and MALDI-QIT-TOF mass spectrometry. The chemical structures of the two major purified polysaccharides were elucidated. The first one is a heteropolysaccharide with repeating units consisting of a branched hexasaccharide and one glycerol residue, linked by phosphodiester bonds. The second one consists of a →6)-β-Galf-(1→ galactofuranan chain partially substituted on the C-2 hydroxyl with β-Glcp. HR-MAS NMR analysis of intact O. oeni cells indicated that both polysaccharides are exposed to the bacterial surface.
{"title":"Isolation and structure elucidation of cell surface polysaccharides from Oenococcus oeni.","authors":"Emmanuel Maes, Irina Sadovskaya, Nao Yamakawa, Adeline Goulet, Claire Le Marrec, Marie-Pierre Chapot-Chartier","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2025.109456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Gram-positive bacterium Oenococcus oeni is a major player in wine malolactic fermentation. In O. oeni, cell wall polysaccharides are considered putative receptors for bacteriophages, virus predators that lead to fermentation failures. In this study, we have developed an efficient stepwise extraction protocol to extract polysaccharides from the cell wall of O. oeni IOEBS277, which were analyzed by methylation, 1D, 2D-NMR spectroscopy, and MALDI-QIT-TOF mass spectrometry. The chemical structures of the two major purified polysaccharides were elucidated. The first one is a heteropolysaccharide with repeating units consisting of a branched hexasaccharide and one glycerol residue, linked by phosphodiester bonds. The second one consists of a →6)-β-Galf-(1→ galactofuranan chain partially substituted on the C-2 hydroxyl with β-Glcp. HR-MAS NMR analysis of intact O. oeni cells indicated that both polysaccharides are exposed to the bacterial surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"552 ","pages":"109456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The first total synthesis of phenylethanoid glycosides parvifloroside A 1 and crassifolioside 2 is disclosed, achieving excellent 31 % and 33 % overall yield, respectively. The synthesis exploited the inherent reactivity differences among the free hydroxyl groups on 4-O-caffeoyl glucopyranoside 3 intermediate, enabling regioselective caffeoylation and rhamnosylation. The key to the synthesis is using chiral 4-pyrrolidinopyridine organocatalyst 6 to achieve the regioselective caffeoylation and migration of acyl groups. Notably, the synthesis avoids the common challenge of E:Z isomerization of the caffeoyl moiety's double bond. Additionally, only a single protection/deprotection step is employed, significantly simplifying the process. This concise approach provides a practical route to these natural products and establishes a versatile strategy for synthesizing a wide array of phenylethanoid glycosides with similar substitution patterns.
{"title":"Concise first total synthesis of phenylethanoid glycosides parvifloroside A and crassifolioside","authors":"Duc Thinh Khong , Madhu Babu Tatina , Zaher M.A. Judeh","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The first total synthesis of phenylethanoid glycosides parvifloroside A <strong>1</strong> and crassifolioside <strong>2</strong> is disclosed, achieving excellent 31 % and 33 % overall yield, respectively. The synthesis exploited the inherent reactivity differences among the free hydroxyl groups on 4-O-caffeoyl glucopyranoside <strong>3</strong> intermediate, enabling regioselective caffeoylation and rhamnosylation. The key to the synthesis is using chiral 4-pyrrolidinopyridine organocatalyst <strong>6</strong> to achieve the regioselective caffeoylation and migration of acyl groups. Notably, the synthesis avoids the common challenge of <em>E</em>:<em>Z</em> isomerization of the caffeoyl moiety's double bond. Additionally, only a single protection/deprotection step is employed, significantly simplifying the process. This concise approach provides a practical route to these natural products and establishes a versatile strategy for synthesizing a wide array of phenylethanoid glycosides with similar substitution patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"552 ","pages":"Article 109455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2025.109446
Yuanyuan Li , Haoru Zhuang , Xuerui Tao , Yingguo Liu , Tianlu Li , Peng Peng
Steviol glycosides, a natural health-focused sweetener, is receiving increasing attention. Herein, an efficient and concise approach for the convergent synthesis of Rebaudioside A and M has been devised. This method features a AuCl3-tBuCN cooperative catalysis to achieve highly 1, 2-trans stereoselective glycosidation of a C2-branched trisaccharide trichloroacetimidate with tertiary C-13 hydroxy group in steviol aglycone, without relying on neighboring group participation.
{"title":"Convergent synthesis of steviol glycosides rebaudioside a and M","authors":"Yuanyuan Li , Haoru Zhuang , Xuerui Tao , Yingguo Liu , Tianlu Li , Peng Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steviol glycosides, a natural health-focused sweetener, is receiving increasing attention. Herein, an efficient and concise approach for the convergent synthesis of Rebaudioside A and M has been devised. This method features a AuCl<sub>3</sub>-<em>t</em>BuCN cooperative catalysis to achieve highly 1, 2-<em>trans</em> stereoselective glycosidation of a C2-branched trisaccharide trichloroacetimidate with tertiary C-13 hydroxy group in steviol aglycone, without relying on neighboring group participation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"552 ","pages":"Article 109446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tamarind Seed Polysaccharide (TSP) is a versatile and sustainable biopolymer that has garnered considerable attention for its wide-ranging applications in diverse fields. Derived from the seeds of Tamarindus indica L., TSP offers an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic biopolymers, aligning with the growing demand for natural materials. It is biodegradable, non-toxic, mucoadhesive, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory. TSP has been used extensively in food and pharmaceuticals. Various parts of the tamarind tree have been used in traditional medicine across different cultures around the world, thus TSP has been studied extensively for its impact in treating skin conditions, stubborn wounds and arthritis management. Owing to its non-toxic and healing nature, TSP can be explored as a valuable biomaterial for tissue engineering. This review thoroughly explores TSP's attributes, extraction, and extensive utilization across various sectors, with a main focus on drug delivery, wound healing and tissue engineering. The structure and general properties along with its visco-elastic properties were discussed briefly. The various chemical modifications of TSP which further improve its biodegradability and mucoadhesivity were also discussed. Further, other applications of TSP such as in packaging materials, mineral separation, battery technologies, thermal insulation, cosmetic formulations, agriculture, waste water and land treatments were briefly mentioned to emphasize the versatility of TSP.
The review also mentions TSP's diverse applications, ranging from mineral separation and battery technologies to thermal insulation and cosmetic formulations, to emphasize its versatility.
{"title":"Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) Seed Polysaccharide: A promising biopolymer for drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering and beyond","authors":"Madhavi Latha Chinta , Pradeep Kumar Gandam , M.V. Sivasankar , Sreenivasa Rao Parcha","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tamarind Seed Polysaccharide (TSP) is a versatile and sustainable biopolymer that has garnered considerable attention for its wide-ranging applications in diverse fields. Derived from the seeds of Tamarindus indica L., TSP offers an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic biopolymers, aligning with the growing demand for natural materials. It is biodegradable, non-toxic, mucoadhesive, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory. TSP has been used extensively in food and pharmaceuticals. Various parts of the tamarind tree have been used in traditional medicine across different cultures around the world, thus TSP has been studied extensively for its impact in treating skin conditions, stubborn wounds and arthritis management. Owing to its non-toxic and healing nature, TSP can be explored as a valuable biomaterial for tissue engineering. This review thoroughly explores TSP's attributes, extraction, and extensive utilization across various sectors, with a main focus on drug delivery, wound healing and tissue engineering. The structure and general properties along with its visco-elastic properties were discussed briefly. The various chemical modifications of TSP which further improve its biodegradability and mucoadhesivity were also discussed. Further, other applications of TSP such as in packaging materials, mineral separation, battery technologies, thermal insulation, cosmetic formulations, agriculture, waste water and land treatments were briefly mentioned to emphasize the versatility of TSP.</div><div>The review also mentions TSP's diverse applications, ranging from mineral separation and battery technologies to thermal insulation and cosmetic formulations, to emphasize its versatility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"552 ","pages":"Article 109454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Proteins and carbohydrates are fundamental biomolecules that play crucial roles in life processes. The interactions between these molecules are essential for various biological functions, including immune response, cell activation, and energy storage. Therefore, understanding and identifying protein-carbohydrate binding regions is of significant importance.
In this study, we propose ProtCB-Bind, a computational model for predicting protein-carbohydrate interactions. ProtCB-Bind leverages an ensemble of machine learning classifiers and utilizes a common averaging approach to form predictions. The proposed model is trained using a combination of sequence-based and evolutionary-based features of protein sequences, as well as the physicochemical properties of amino acids. To enhance predictive performance, ProtCB-Bind incorporates features derived from recent advancements in transformer-based Natural Language Processing (NLP) for proteins.
ProtCB-Bind was designed by systematically identifying the best combination of classifiers and features, and was evaluated using a state-of-the-art benchmark dataset. Its performance was compared against established predictors, including SPRINT-CBH, StackCB-Pred, and StackCB-Embed. ProtCB-Bind outperformed these state-of-the-art predictors, achieving an approximate 3 % improvement in overall performance on benchmark dataset.
The sources code for ProtCB-Bind is available at https://github.com/Divnesh/ProtCB-Bind.
{"title":"ProtCB-bind: Protein-carbohydrate binding site prediction using an ensemble of classifiers","authors":"Divnesh Prasad , Ronesh Sharma , M.G.M. Khan , Alok Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proteins and carbohydrates are fundamental biomolecules that play crucial roles in life processes. The interactions between these molecules are essential for various biological functions, including immune response, cell activation, and energy storage. Therefore, understanding and identifying protein-carbohydrate binding regions is of significant importance.</div><div>In this study, we propose ProtCB-Bind, a computational model for predicting protein-carbohydrate interactions. ProtCB-Bind leverages an ensemble of machine learning classifiers and utilizes a common averaging approach to form predictions. The proposed model is trained using a combination of sequence-based and evolutionary-based features of protein sequences, as well as the physicochemical properties of amino acids. To enhance predictive performance, ProtCB-Bind incorporates features derived from recent advancements in transformer-based Natural Language Processing (NLP) for proteins.</div><div>ProtCB-Bind was designed by systematically identifying the best combination of classifiers and features, and was evaluated using a state-of-the-art benchmark dataset. Its performance was compared against established predictors, including SPRINT-CBH, StackCB-Pred, and StackCB-Embed. ProtCB-Bind outperformed these state-of-the-art predictors, achieving an approximate 3 % improvement in overall performance on benchmark dataset.</div><div>The sources code for ProtCB-Bind is available at <span><span>https://github.com/Divnesh/ProtCB-Bind</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"552 ","pages":"Article 109453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2025.109452
Sergey S. Pertel
The use of silver trifluoromethanesulfonate as a catalyst for glycoside synthesis using 2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxy)-2-oxazoline glycosyl donors with d-gluco and d-galacto configuration has been studied. Silver trifluoromethanesulfonate allows the glycosylation reaction to be carried out under very mild conditions in a neutral medium, similar to the sym-collidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate previously used for this purpose. However, compared to sym-collidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, silver trifluoromethanesulfonate provides better yields of target products and helps to suppress unwanted side reactions such as intermolecular aglycon transfer and polymerization of oxazoline derivatives of sugars. It has been found that the best results of oligosaccharide synthesis are obtained with an equimolar ratio between the glycosyl donor and the catalyst.
{"title":"Silver trifluoromethanesulfonate as a new efficient catalyst for glycosylation reactions using 2-alkoxy-glyco-[2,1-d]-2-oxazoline glycosyl donors, contributing to the suppression of side reactions of intermolecular aglycon transfer and polymerization of oxazoline derivatives of sugars","authors":"Sergey S. Pertel","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of silver trifluoromethanesulfonate as a catalyst for glycoside synthesis using 2-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxy)-2-oxazoline glycosyl donors with d-gluco and <span>d</span>-galacto configuration has been studied. Silver trifluoromethanesulfonate allows the glycosylation reaction to be carried out under very mild conditions in a neutral medium, similar to the <em>sym</em>-collidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate previously used for this purpose. However, compared to <em>sym</em>-collidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, silver trifluoromethanesulfonate provides better yields of target products and helps to suppress unwanted side reactions such as intermolecular aglycon transfer and polymerization of oxazoline derivatives of sugars. It has been found that the best results of oligosaccharide synthesis are obtained with an equimolar ratio between the glycosyl donor and the catalyst.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"552 ","pages":"Article 109452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-02DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2025.109445
Shohreh Fahimirad , Mohammadreza Memarzadeh , Hasan Jafari , Morteza Sanagooiezadeh Isfahani , Amir Almasi-Hashiani , Hamid Abtahi
Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process involving hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This study introduces Chitagel, a novel wound-healing gel formulated with 4 % (w/w) chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, 0.1 % (w/w) polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), and 6 % (w/w) Echinacea purpurea extract, designed to provide antibacterial and antioxidant properties. To enhance hydration, 2 % (w/w) dexpanthenol, 10 % (w/w) glycerin, and 4 % (w/w) sorbitol were incorporated as humectants. In vitro analysis demonstrated 92.3 % inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 89.63 % antioxidant activity via the DPPH assay. Water content analysis confirmed a 62.9 % hydration level, facilitating a moist wound environment. Zeta potential measurement (+44.9 mV) indicated colloidal stability, ensuring sustained antimicrobial activity. In an MRSA-infected rat wound model, Chitagel significantly accelerated wound closure, achieving 82.5 % healing by day 15, compared to 54.3 % in the untreated group. The MTT assay showed enhanced fibroblast proliferation, with 400 μg/mL stimulating the highest cell viability. Histological analysis confirmed improved re-epithelialization, reduced inflammation, and granulation tissue formation. These findings highlight Chitagel as a promising therapeutic for infected wounds, combining antibacterial, antioxidant, and regenerative properties. Further clinical studies are required to validate its efficacy and safety in human applications and to establish its role as a novel wound-healing agent.
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