Basic Mechanisms of Immunometabolites in Shaping the Immune Response.

IF 4.7 3区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Journal of Innate Immunity Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-23 DOI:10.1159/000535452
Dylan Gerard Ryan, Christian Graham Peace, Alexander Hooftman
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Abstract

Background: Innate immune cells play a crucial role in responding to microbial infections, but their improper activation can also drive inflammatory disease. For this reason, their activation state is governed by a multitude of factors, including the metabolic state of the cell and, more specifically, the individual metabolites which accumulate intracellularly and extracellularly. This relationship is bidirectional, as innate immune cell activation by pathogen-associated molecular patterns causes critical changes in cellular metabolism.

Summary: In this review, we describe the emergence of various "immunometabolites." We outline the general characteristics of these immunometabolites, the conditions under which they accumulate, and their subsequent impact on immune cells. We delve into well-studied metabolites of recent years, such as succinate and itaconate, as well as newly emerging immunometabolites, such as methylglyoxal.

Key messages: We hope that this review may be used as a framework for further studies dissecting the mechanisms by which immunometabolites regulate the immune system and provide an outlook to harnessing these mechanisms in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

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免疫代谢物在形成免疫反应中的基本机制。
先天免疫细胞在应对微生物感染中起着至关重要的作用,但它们的不当激活也可能导致炎症性疾病。由于这个原因,它们的激活状态受多种因素的控制,包括细胞的代谢状态,更具体地说,是细胞内和细胞外积累的个体代谢物。这种关系是双向的,因为先天免疫细胞被病原体相关分子模式(PAMPs)激活会导致细胞代谢的关键变化。在这篇综述中,我们描述了各种“免疫代谢物”的出现。我们概述了这些免疫代谢物的一般特征,它们积累的条件,以及它们对免疫细胞的后续影响。我们深入研究了近年来研究得很好的代谢物,如琥珀酸盐和衣康酸盐,以及新出现的免疫代谢物,如甲基乙二醛。我们希望这篇综述可以作为进一步研究的框架,剖析免疫代谢物调节免疫系统的机制,并为利用这些机制治疗炎症性疾病提供前景。
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来源期刊
Journal of Innate Immunity
Journal of Innate Immunity 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
10.50
自引率
1.90%
发文量
35
审稿时长
7.5 months
期刊介绍: The ''Journal of Innate Immunity'' is a bimonthly journal covering all aspects within the area of innate immunity, including evolution of the immune system, molecular biology of cells involved in innate immunity, pattern recognition and signals of ‘danger’, microbial corruption, host response and inflammation, mucosal immunity, complement and coagulation, sepsis and septic shock, molecular genomics, and development of immunotherapies. The journal publishes original research articles, short communications, reviews, commentaries and letters to the editors. In addition to regular papers, some issues feature a special section with a thematic focus.
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