Topsoil removal for Sphagnum establishment on rewetted agricultural bogs

IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Biogeochemistry Pub Date : 2023-11-26 DOI:10.1007/s10533-023-01096-x
Sannimari A. Käärmelahti, Christian Fritz, Gabrielle R. Quadra, Maider Erize Gardoki, Greta Gaudig, Matthias Krebs, Ralph J. M. Temmink
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Abstract

Rewetting drained agricultural peatlands aids in restoring their original ecosystem functions, including carbon storage and sustaining unique biodiversity. 30–60 cm of topsoil removal (TSR) before rewetting for Sphagnum establishment is a common practice to reduce nutrient concentrations and greenhouse gas emissions, and increase water conductivity. However, the topsoil is carbon-dense and preservation in situ would be favorable from a climate-mitigation perspective. The effect of reduced TSR on Sphagnum establishment and nutrient dynamics on degraded and rewetted raised bogs remains to be elucidated. We conducted a two-year field experiment under Sphagnum paludiculture management with three TSR depths: no-removal (TSR0), 5–10 cm (TSR5), and 30 cm (TSR30) removal. We tested the effects of TSR on Sphagnum establishment and performance, nutrient dynamics, and hotspot methane emissions. After two years, TSR5 produced similar Sphagnum biomass as TSR30, while vascular plant biomass was highest in TSR0. All capitula nitrogen (N > 12 mg/g) indicated N-saturation. Phosphorus (P) was not limiting (N/P < 30), but a potential potassium (K) limitation was observed in year one (N/K > 3). In TSR0, ammonium concentrations were > 150 µmol/l in year one, but decreased by 80% in year two. P-concentrations remained high (c. 100 µmol/l) at TSR0 and TSR5, and remained low at TSR30. TSR30 and TSR5 reduced hotspot methane emissions relative to TSR0. We conclude that all TSR practices have their own advantages and disadvantages with respect to Sphagnum growth, nutrient availability and vegetation development. While TSR5 may be the most suitable for paludiculture, its applicability for restoration purposes remains to be elucidated. Setting prioritized targets when selecting the optimal TSR with peatland rewetting is pivotal.

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复湿农业沼泽沼地泥炭群落的表土清除
重新湿润排水的农业泥炭地有助于恢复其原有的生态系统功能,包括碳储存和维持独特的生物多样性。在重新润湿水藻之前进行30-60 cm的表土去除(TSR)是减少养分浓度和温室气体排放并增加水电导率的常见做法。然而,表土是碳密集的,从减缓气候变化的角度来看,就地保存将是有利的。还原性TSR对退化和复湿沼地沼地泥炭生长和养分动态的影响还有待进一步研究。采用3种TSR深度:不去除(TSR0)、去除5-10 cm (TSR5)和去除30 cm (TSR30),进行了为期2年的Sphagnum paludum管理的田间试验。研究了TSR对泥藻生长、生长性能、养分动态和热点甲烷排放的影响。2年后,TSR5的Sphagnum生物量与TSR30相近,而TSR0的维管植物生物量最高。所有头状花序氮(N > 12 mg/g)均显示氮饱和。磷(P)没有限制(N/P < 30),但在第1年出现了潜在的钾(K)限制(N/K > 3)。在TSR0中,铵浓度在第一年为150µmol/l,但在第二年下降了80%。在TSR0和TSR5中p浓度仍然很高(c. 100µmol/l),而在TSR30中p浓度仍然很低。TSR30和TSR5相对于TSR0减少了热点甲烷排放。综上所述,所有TSR措施在泥藻生长、养分有效性和植被发育方面各有优缺点。虽然TSR5可能是最适合古代养殖的,但它对恢复目的的适用性仍有待阐明。在泥炭地再湿润条件下选择最佳TSR时,确定优先目标是关键。
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来源期刊
Biogeochemistry
Biogeochemistry 环境科学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
7.10
自引率
5.00%
发文量
112
审稿时长
3.2 months
期刊介绍: Biogeochemistry publishes original and synthetic papers dealing with biotic controls on the chemistry of the environment, or with the geochemical control of the structure and function of ecosystems. Cycles are considered, either of individual elements or of specific classes of natural or anthropogenic compounds in ecosystems. Particular emphasis is given to coupled interactions of element cycles. The journal spans from the molecular to global scales to elucidate the mechanisms driving patterns in biogeochemical cycles through space and time. Studies on both natural and artificial ecosystems are published when they contribute to a general understanding of biogeochemistry.
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