Childhood personality and academic performance: A sibling fixed-effects study

Abstract

Objective

This study investigated the associations between personality traits at age 8 and academic performance between ages 10 and 14, controlling for family confounds.

Background

Many studies have shown links between children’s personality traits and their school performance. However, we lack evidence on whether these associations remain after genetic and environmental confounders are accounted for.

Method

Sibling data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) were used (n = 9701). First, we estimated the overall associations between Big Five personality traits and academic performance, including literacy, numeracy, and foreign language. Second, we added sibling fixed effects to remove unmeasured confounders shared by siblings as well as rating bias.

Results

Openness to Experience (between-person β = 0.22 [95% CI: 0.21–0.24]) and Conscientiousness (between-person β = 0.18 [95% CI 0.16–0.20]) were most strongly related to educational performance. Agreeableness (between-person β = 0.06 [95% CI −0.08–0.04]) and Extraversion (between-person β = 0.02 [95% CI 0.00–0.04]) showed small associations with educational performance. Neuroticism had a moderate negative association (between-person β = −0.14 [95% CI −0.15–0.11]). All associations between personality and performance were robust to confounding: the within-family estimates from sibling fixed-effects models overlapped with the between-person effects. Finally, childhood personality was equally predictive of educational performance across ages and genders.

Conclusions

Although family background is influential for academic achievement, it does not confound associations with personality. Childhood personality traits reflect unbiased and consistent individual differences in educational potential.