Aaron Hissey, Hedwig Eisenbarth, Matt Hammond, Chris G. Sibley, Joseph Bulbulia
Objective Psychopathy is associated with harmful behaviors in romantic relationships, but its causal effect on partner well‐being remains elusive. Across two studies, we apply robust observational methods for causal inference with national‐scale dyadic data to examine how psychopathic personality and its facets affect partner well‐being over time. Method In Study 1 (three waves; N = 1012), we examined how increasing global psychopathy and its facets within individuals affects their partner's well‐being one year later. In Study 2 (six waves; N = 1832), we investigated how increasing global psychopathy and its facets over multiple years would affect partner well‐being. Results Study 1 indicates that psychopathic personality increases partners' perceived relationship conflict and anxiety in the short term but also bolsters partner self‐esteem. Study 2 reveals that, over the longer term, psychopathic personality intensifies partners' perceived relationship conflict and depression and reduces partner self‐esteem, relationship satisfaction, and personal well‐being. Conclusions Taken together, it is the convergence of psychopathic traits, rather than individual facets, that cause greater harm to partners, with the magnitude of harm intensifying over time. This research demonstrates the power of combining dyadic panel data with causal inference methods to address questions of psychological interest inaccessible to experiments.
{"title":"Causal Effect of Psychopathy on Partner Well‐Being: A National Longitudinal Study","authors":"Aaron Hissey, Hedwig Eisenbarth, Matt Hammond, Chris G. Sibley, Joseph Bulbulia","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70042","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Psychopathy is associated with harmful behaviors in romantic relationships, but its causal effect on partner well‐being remains elusive. Across two studies, we apply robust observational methods for causal inference with national‐scale dyadic data to examine how psychopathic personality and its facets affect partner well‐being over time. Method In Study 1 (three waves; <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 1012), we examined how increasing global psychopathy and its facets within individuals affects their partner's well‐being one year later. In Study 2 (six waves; <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 1832), we investigated how increasing global psychopathy and its facets over multiple years would affect partner well‐being. Results Study 1 indicates that psychopathic personality increases partners' perceived relationship conflict and anxiety in the short term but also bolsters partner self‐esteem. Study 2 reveals that, over the longer term, psychopathic personality intensifies partners' perceived relationship conflict and depression and reduces partner self‐esteem, relationship satisfaction, and personal well‐being. Conclusions Taken together, it is the convergence of psychopathic traits, rather than individual facets, that cause greater harm to partners, with the magnitude of harm intensifying over time. This research demonstrates the power of combining dyadic panel data with causal inference methods to address questions of psychological interest inaccessible to experiments.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145770929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective This research examined how self‐regulatory orientations—promotion focus (growth) and prevention focus (security)—influence individuals' evaluation of their own desirable traits and their pursuit of highly desirable romantic partners. Method Two studies analyzed participants' evaluations of themselves and romantic partners: Study 1 followed 208 college students longitudinally across 7 months of early romantic interest development; Study 2 observed 187 participants in live speed‐dating events. Participants' regulatory focus, self‐perceptions, partner ideals, and the desirability of pursued partners were assessed, controlling for self‐esteem and consensus ratings of participants' own desirability. Results Stronger promotion concerns predicted overly positive self‐evaluations and pursuit of more desirable partners, whereas stronger prevention concerns predicted overly negative self‐evaluations and pursuit of less desirable partners. These effects persisted after accounting for self‐esteem and consensus ratings of participants' desirability and were partially mediated by participants' own self‐perceptions and partner ideals. Conclusions Findings suggest that regulatory focus influences aspirations for highly desirable partners through exaggerations of positive or negative self‐perceptions that then influence aspirations for and willingness to pursue more or less subjectively and objectively desirable partners. Promotion and prevention mindsets thus appear to play a unique self‐regulatory role in romantic partner selection beyond general self‐esteem or objective desirability.
{"title":"Promotion‐ or Prevention‐Focused Self‐Evaluation and the Preferential Pursuit of More Desirable Romantic Partners","authors":"Eileen Z. Wu, Daniel C. Molden, Paul W. Eastwick","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70043","url":null,"abstract":"Objective This research examined how self‐regulatory orientations—promotion focus (growth) and prevention focus (security)—influence individuals' evaluation of their own desirable traits and their pursuit of highly desirable romantic partners. Method Two studies analyzed participants' evaluations of themselves and romantic partners: Study 1 followed 208 college students longitudinally across 7 months of early romantic interest development; Study 2 observed 187 participants in live speed‐dating events. Participants' regulatory focus, self‐perceptions, partner ideals, and the desirability of pursued partners were assessed, controlling for self‐esteem and consensus ratings of participants' own desirability. Results Stronger promotion concerns predicted overly positive self‐evaluations and pursuit of more desirable partners, whereas stronger prevention concerns predicted overly negative self‐evaluations and pursuit of less desirable partners. These effects persisted after accounting for self‐esteem and consensus ratings of participants' desirability and were partially mediated by participants' own self‐perceptions and partner ideals. Conclusions Findings suggest that regulatory focus influences aspirations for highly desirable partners through exaggerations of positive or negative self‐perceptions that then influence aspirations for and willingness to pursue more or less subjectively and objectively desirable partners. Promotion and prevention mindsets thus appear to play a unique self‐regulatory role in romantic partner selection beyond general self‐esteem or objective desirability.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145765320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective The current study investigates the relationship between perceived control and future orientation, systematically addressing the questions of “what,” “why,” and “how to mitigate” the relationship between these constructs. Methods and Results Study 1 ( n = 60) experimentally manipulated perceived control and found that it significantly predicted future orientation, with higher levels observed in students with high perceived control compared to those with low perceived control. Study 2 ( n = 136) further explored the moderating role of construal level, finding that high construal level mitigated the negative effects of low perceived control on future orientation. Study 3 ( n = 128) focused on individuals with low perceived control, randomly assigning participants to either a tight culture group or a loose culture group using a situational priming method. Results revealed that in a loose cultural context, a high construal level effectively improved future orientation among individuals with perceived control deficits. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of perceived control and construal level in shaping future orientation and suggest that cultural context may influence the effectiveness of these psychological constructs. Implications for enhancing future orientation through interventions targeting perceived control and construal level are discussed.
{"title":"Perceived Control and Future Orientation: How Construal Level and Cultural Tightness Shape the Relationship","authors":"Xueting Yang, Jing Wang, Yongquan Huo","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70037","url":null,"abstract":"Objective The current study investigates the relationship between perceived control and future orientation, systematically addressing the questions of “what,” “why,” and “how to mitigate” the relationship between these constructs. Methods and Results Study 1 ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 60) experimentally manipulated perceived control and found that it significantly predicted future orientation, with higher levels observed in students with high perceived control compared to those with low perceived control. Study 2 ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 136) further explored the moderating role of construal level, finding that high construal level mitigated the negative effects of low perceived control on future orientation. Study 3 ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 128) focused on individuals with low perceived control, randomly assigning participants to either a tight culture group or a loose culture group using a situational priming method. Results revealed that in a loose cultural context, a high construal level effectively improved future orientation among individuals with perceived control deficits. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of perceived control and construal level in shaping future orientation and suggest that cultural context may influence the effectiveness of these psychological constructs. Implications for enhancing future orientation through interventions targeting perceived control and construal level are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruoxuan Chen,Ningning Feng,Shuang Li,Wenjie Zhai,Lijuan Cui
INTRODUCTIONLiterature shows that justice beliefs and justice experience (peer victimization) shape adolescent prosociality. However, how adolescents react to the (in)congruence between justice beliefs and justice experiences in peer environments remains unclear.METHODSWe utilized response surface analysis to examine how belief-experience justice (in)congruence affects adolescents' prosocial behaviors.RESULTSStudy 1 with a cross-sectional design (N = 2963, Mage = 15.86 ± 0.72, 40.0% girls) showed that, generally, adolescents with stronger justice beliefs and more justice experiences were more likely to engage in global prosocial behaviors, which increased with the belief-experience justice fit; when adolescents encountered belief-experience justice conflicts, their beliefs played a more crucial role than experiences in driving prosocial actions. Study 2 with two-wave data (N = 3038, Mage = 16.83 ± 0.79, 53.6% girls) essentially replicated the cross-sectional pattern in Study 1 and further found that adolescents' beliefs no longer dominantly promoted prosociality seven months later under belief-experience conflicts. Moreover, boys and girls behave differently depending on prosocial contexts, especially according to situational visibility.CONCLUSIONThese findings demonstrate that even in unjust peer environments, adolescents' justice beliefs are resilient enough to guide them toward current prosocial actions, which yet would fade over time.
{"title":"(In)congruence Between Justice Beliefs and Justice Experiences Predicts Adolescents' Prosocial Behaviors: Response Surface Analysis.","authors":"Ruoxuan Chen,Ningning Feng,Shuang Li,Wenjie Zhai,Lijuan Cui","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70041","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONLiterature shows that justice beliefs and justice experience (peer victimization) shape adolescent prosociality. However, how adolescents react to the (in)congruence between justice beliefs and justice experiences in peer environments remains unclear.METHODSWe utilized response surface analysis to examine how belief-experience justice (in)congruence affects adolescents' prosocial behaviors.RESULTSStudy 1 with a cross-sectional design (N = 2963, Mage = 15.86 ± 0.72, 40.0% girls) showed that, generally, adolescents with stronger justice beliefs and more justice experiences were more likely to engage in global prosocial behaviors, which increased with the belief-experience justice fit; when adolescents encountered belief-experience justice conflicts, their beliefs played a more crucial role than experiences in driving prosocial actions. Study 2 with two-wave data (N = 3038, Mage = 16.83 ± 0.79, 53.6% girls) essentially replicated the cross-sectional pattern in Study 1 and further found that adolescents' beliefs no longer dominantly promoted prosociality seven months later under belief-experience conflicts. Moreover, boys and girls behave differently depending on prosocial contexts, especially according to situational visibility.CONCLUSIONThese findings demonstrate that even in unjust peer environments, adolescents' justice beliefs are resilient enough to guide them toward current prosocial actions, which yet would fade over time.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145752786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael M. Prinzing, Merve Balkaya‐Ince, Karen K. Melton, Sarah Schnitker
Introduction Does virtue benefit its possessor, or is it beneficial for others but not the self? We tested two highly influential theories that offer contradictory answers. In particular, we focused on three “hard cases” for the theory that virtue promotes well‐being—that is, three virtues that aren't obviously enjoyable (compassion, patience, and self‐control). Methods Two preregistered studies (total N = 43,164 observations; N = 1218 participants) tested for within‐ and between‐person associations between each virtue and well‐being. Study 1 used experience sampling with adolescents. Study 2 used the day reconstruction method with United States adults. Results Study 1 found positive links across the board. Study 2 found positive within‐ and between‐person links with eudaimonic well‐being, but more complex associations with affective well‐being. Study 2 also revealed that situations that afford opportunities to exercise these virtues are challenging and unpleasant. However, exercising compassion, patience, and self‐control seems to help people cope with these challenges. Conclusion These findings contradict the theory that virtue is good for others but not for the self, aligning with the theory that being good leads to being well. They also provide preliminary evidence about how virtues like compassion, patience, and self‐control might benefit their possessors.
{"title":"Is Virtue Good for You?","authors":"Michael M. Prinzing, Merve Balkaya‐Ince, Karen K. Melton, Sarah Schnitker","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70038","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Does virtue benefit its possessor, or is it beneficial for others but not the self? We tested two highly influential theories that offer contradictory answers. In particular, we focused on three “hard cases” for the theory that virtue promotes well‐being—that is, three virtues that aren't obviously enjoyable (compassion, patience, and self‐control). Methods Two preregistered studies (total <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 43,164 observations; <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 1218 participants) tested for within‐ and between‐person associations between each virtue and well‐being. Study 1 used experience sampling with adolescents. Study 2 used the day reconstruction method with United States adults. Results Study 1 found positive links across the board. Study 2 found positive within‐ and between‐person links with eudaimonic well‐being, but more complex associations with affective well‐being. Study 2 also revealed that situations that afford opportunities to exercise these virtues are challenging and unpleasant. However, exercising compassion, patience, and self‐control seems to help people cope with these challenges. Conclusion These findings contradict the theory that virtue is good for others but not for the self, aligning with the theory that being <jats:italic>good</jats:italic> leads to being <jats:italic>well.</jats:italic> They also provide preliminary evidence about <jats:italic>how</jats:italic> virtues like compassion, patience, and self‐control might benefit their possessors.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esther M. Robins, Zhiwei Zhou, Chengli Huang, Douglas J. Angus, Constantine Sedikides, Nicholas J. Kelley
Objective Narcissism is associated with self‐enhancement and social antagonism, yet its neural underpinnings, particularly in error processing, remain underexplored. Competing theoretical models, such as the mask model and the metacognitive model, offer conflicting hypotheses regarding how narcissism influences early neural responses to errors. We examine whether grandiose agentic narcissism relates to an elevated or blunted error‐related negativity, a neural marker of cognitive control and performance monitoring. Method In Study 1 ( N = 144), participants completed the Eriksen Flanker Task while we recorded their neural responses to errors using electroencephalography. In Study 2 ( N = 50), participants completed a modified version of the Flanker Task that included an explicit trial‐by‐trial feedback. Participants then completed the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire to assess admiration and rivalry narcissism. Results Higher admiration and rivalry narcissism were associated with a blunted (less negative) error‐related negativity. These associations held when controlling for the number of errors and were confirmed by an internal meta‐analysis, which showed moderate effect sizes across analytic approaches. Conclusion The results are consistent with the metacognitive model of narcissism, showing that grandiose narcissists exhibit reduced neural sensitivity to errors. These findings highlight a potential mechanism through which narcissists resist self‐corrective learning, bolstering their positive self‐views. Blunted error processing may influence decision‐making and behavior across contexts.
{"title":"Narcissism Is Associated With Blunted Error‐Related Brain Activity","authors":"Esther M. Robins, Zhiwei Zhou, Chengli Huang, Douglas J. Angus, Constantine Sedikides, Nicholas J. Kelley","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70036","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Narcissism is associated with self‐enhancement and social antagonism, yet its neural underpinnings, particularly in error processing, remain underexplored. Competing theoretical models, such as the mask model and the metacognitive model, offer conflicting hypotheses regarding how narcissism influences early neural responses to errors. We examine whether grandiose agentic narcissism relates to an elevated or blunted error‐related negativity, a neural marker of cognitive control and performance monitoring. Method In Study 1 ( <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 144), participants completed the Eriksen Flanker Task while we recorded their neural responses to errors using electroencephalography. In Study 2 ( <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 50), participants completed a modified version of the Flanker Task that included an explicit trial‐by‐trial feedback. Participants then completed the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire to assess admiration and rivalry narcissism. Results Higher admiration and rivalry narcissism were associated with a blunted (less negative) error‐related negativity. These associations held when controlling for the number of errors and were confirmed by an internal meta‐analysis, which showed moderate effect sizes across analytic approaches. Conclusion The results are consistent with the metacognitive model of narcissism, showing that grandiose narcissists exhibit reduced neural sensitivity to errors. These findings highlight a potential mechanism through which narcissists resist self‐corrective learning, bolstering their positive self‐views. Blunted error processing may influence decision‐making and behavior across contexts.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145730893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective Previous studies on the relationship between global (top‐down) and domain‐specific (bottom‐up) evaluations of life satisfaction have revealed mixed findings. The current study investigated the reciprocal relationship between top‐down and bottom‐up processes using two analytic methods to properly account for time‐varying predictors, confounding variables, and stable individual differences. Specifically, hierarchical Bayesian continuous‐time dynamic modeling and marginal structural models were employed. Method Data from the Swiss Household Panel study ( N = 25,181)—a nationally representative, longitudinal survey conducted in Switzerland—was used. Global life satisfaction was measured using the Satisfaction With Life Scale. Satisfaction with five life domains (i.e., health, income, personal relationships, free time, and job) was also measured. Results A series of marginal structural models revealed that subsequent global life satisfaction was predicted by each domain‐specific evaluation, and prior global life satisfaction also predicted each domain‐specific evaluation. Continuous‐time dynamic modeling revealed that an independent shock of magnitude 1.00 to the top‐down process predicted future increases in the bottom‐up process, and vice versa. Conclusions Taken together, the findings of this study can be represented by a closed‐loop feedback model, which illustrates predictive effects between top‐down and bottom‐up processes.
{"title":"The Relationship Between Global and Domain‐Specific Evaluations of Life Satisfaction: A Feedback Loop Theory","authors":"Gabriele Prati","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70039","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Previous studies on the relationship between global (top‐down) and domain‐specific (bottom‐up) evaluations of life satisfaction have revealed mixed findings. The current study investigated the reciprocal relationship between top‐down and bottom‐up processes using two analytic methods to properly account for time‐varying predictors, confounding variables, and stable individual differences. Specifically, hierarchical Bayesian continuous‐time dynamic modeling and marginal structural models were employed. Method Data from the Swiss Household Panel study ( <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 25,181)—a nationally representative, longitudinal survey conducted in Switzerland—was used. Global life satisfaction was measured using the Satisfaction With Life Scale. Satisfaction with five life domains (i.e., health, income, personal relationships, free time, and job) was also measured. Results A series of marginal structural models revealed that subsequent global life satisfaction was predicted by each domain‐specific evaluation, and prior global life satisfaction also predicted each domain‐specific evaluation. Continuous‐time dynamic modeling revealed that an independent shock of magnitude 1.00 to the top‐down process predicted future increases in the bottom‐up process, and vice versa. Conclusions Taken together, the findings of this study can be represented by a closed‐loop feedback model, which illustrates predictive effects between top‐down and bottom‐up processes.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"229 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective Partialing is a statistical procedure in which the variance shared among two or more constructs is removed, allowing researchers to examine the unique properties of the residualized, partialed, or unique portions of each construct. Although this technique is common, its use has been criticized due to the difficulty faced in interpreting residualized variables, especially when the original constructs were highly correlated. The aim of the present study was to test the degree to which psychological researchers from the fields of clinical, social, and personality psychology are able to estimate the nomological network of partialed variables accurately. Method Variables with intercorrelations of varying magnitudes (i.e., anxiety and depression; antisocial and borderline personality disorders) were used to test whether experts can estimate partialed variables' nomological networks vis‐à‐vis basic personality trait profiles. Results and Conclusions We found that, overall, experts were poor at predicting residualized correlations. Factors such as the intercorrelations among the variables and the magnitude of change in the variables' nomological nets following partialing impacted experts' accuracy. Suggestions regarding the use of this questionable measurement practice are discussed.
{"title":"Perils of Partialing: Can Scholars Predict Residualized Variables' Nomological Nets?","authors":"Leigha Rose, Donald R. Lynam, Joshua D. Miller","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70035","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Partialing is a statistical procedure in which the variance shared among two or more constructs is removed, allowing researchers to examine the unique properties of the residualized, partialed, or unique portions of each construct. Although this technique is common, its use has been criticized due to the difficulty faced in interpreting residualized variables, especially when the original constructs were highly correlated. The aim of the present study was to test the degree to which psychological researchers from the fields of clinical, social, and personality psychology are able to estimate the nomological network of partialed variables accurately. Method Variables with intercorrelations of varying magnitudes (i.e., anxiety and depression; antisocial and borderline personality disorders) were used to test whether experts can estimate partialed variables' nomological networks vis‐à‐vis basic personality trait profiles. Results and Conclusions We found that, overall, experts were poor at predicting residualized correlations. Factors such as the intercorrelations among the variables and the magnitude of change in the variables' nomological nets following partialing impacted experts' accuracy. Suggestions regarding the use of this questionable measurement practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145664547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVEThis study aims to examine how personality traits influence consumer preferences for wine alcohol content (ABV), an area that remains underexplored in wine marketing research.METHODDrawing on the Big Five Personality Traits framework, this study employed natural language processing (NLP) and BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) to infer personality traits from 9917 consumer reviews collected from an e-commerce wine platform. A beta regression model was then used to analyze the relationship between inferred personality traits and wine ABV preferences.RESULTSThe results reveal that openness and agreeableness are positively associated with higher ABV preferences, while extraversion and neuroticism show negative associations. Conscientiousness did not exhibit a significant relationship with ABV preferences.CONCLUSIONSThe findings indicate that personality traits significantly shape consumer evaluations of wine intensity and validate the predictive power of AI-based personality inference. This research contributes to consumer behavior theory and offers practical implications for developing personalized wine recommendations and targeted marketing strategies in digital retail environments.
{"title":"From Personality to Pour: How Consumer Traits Shape Wine Preferences and Alcohol Choices.","authors":"Xi Wang,Jie Zheng,Yiqi Wang","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70034","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVEThis study aims to examine how personality traits influence consumer preferences for wine alcohol content (ABV), an area that remains underexplored in wine marketing research.METHODDrawing on the Big Five Personality Traits framework, this study employed natural language processing (NLP) and BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) to infer personality traits from 9917 consumer reviews collected from an e-commerce wine platform. A beta regression model was then used to analyze the relationship between inferred personality traits and wine ABV preferences.RESULTSThe results reveal that openness and agreeableness are positively associated with higher ABV preferences, while extraversion and neuroticism show negative associations. Conscientiousness did not exhibit a significant relationship with ABV preferences.CONCLUSIONSThe findings indicate that personality traits significantly shape consumer evaluations of wine intensity and validate the predictive power of AI-based personality inference. This research contributes to consumer behavior theory and offers practical implications for developing personalized wine recommendations and targeted marketing strategies in digital retail environments.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145644956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction This study examined the associations between individual‐ and group‐level relational mobility and the Big Five personality traits, along with demographic variables and macro‐level variables, targeting 5048 people in all 47 Japanese prefectural capitals. Methods The study controlled for macro‐level variables such as total population, population change rate, population density per 1 km 2 of habitable area, number of incoming residents, and number of outgoing residents in each prefectural capital, which previous studies have not examined. Results Multilevel regression analysis revealed that extraversion was positively associated with both individual‐ and group‐level relational mobility. Conclusion The present study showed that specific features of the social environment (relational mobility) are positively associated with specific aspects of Big Five personality traits.
{"title":"Associations Between Individual‐ and Group‐Level Relational Mobility and Big Five Personality in Japan: A Multilevel Study of Prefectural Capitals","authors":"Takehiko Ito, Haruto Takagishi","doi":"10.1111/jopy.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.70033","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction This study examined the associations between individual‐ and group‐level relational mobility and the Big Five personality traits, along with demographic variables and macro‐level variables, targeting 5048 people in all 47 Japanese prefectural capitals. Methods The study controlled for macro‐level variables such as total population, population change rate, population density per 1 km <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> of habitable area, number of incoming residents, and number of outgoing residents in each prefectural capital, which previous studies have not examined. Results Multilevel regression analysis revealed that extraversion was positively associated with both individual‐ and group‐level relational mobility. Conclusion The present study showed that specific features of the social environment (relational mobility) are positively associated with specific aspects of Big Five personality traits.","PeriodicalId":48421,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Personality","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145608741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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