Mineralogy, fluid inclusion and stable isotope study of the Jinchanghe Zn-Pb-Fe-Cu skarn deposit in southwestern China

IF 4.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Mineralium Deposita Pub Date : 2023-12-02 DOI:10.1007/s00126-023-01234-3
Jun Deng, Fuchuan Chen, Qihai Shu, Qingfei Wang, Gongjian Li, Xiaolin Cui, Jan Marten Huizenga, Xinwei Hu
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Abstract

Jinchanghe is a Zn-Pb-Fe-Cu skarn deposit in the northern Baoshan block, southwestern China. It is a typical distal skarn deposit with orebodies in the Cambrian Hetaoping Formation limestone and calcareous siltstone. The skarn minerals display a vertical zonation with garnet skarn in the lower part and pyroxene skarn in the upper part. Economic metals are also zoned with Fe at the base, Cu in the middle, and Zn-Pb in the upper part. The skarn formation and Zn-Pb-Fe-Cu mineralization is divided into four paragenetic stages: a pre-ore stage dominated by prograde garnet and pyroxene, an oxide stage represented by Fe mineralization associated with retrograde ilvaite, actinolite and epidote alteration, a sulfide stage characterized with Cu–Zn-Pb sulfides, and a post-ore stage with barren calcite, quartz and chlorite.

Fluid inclusion microthermometry indicates that the hydrothermal fluids of the Jinchanghe skarn system evolved from the pre-ore stage (450–480 °C and 11.7–15.5 °C wt% NaCl equiv), through the oxide stage (230–280 °C and 6.5–12.2 wt% NaCl equiv), the sulfide stage (190–230 °C and 1.3–10.3 wt% NaCl equiv), and eventually to the post-ore stage (120–180 °C and 1.6–4.6 wt% NaCl equiv). Correspondingly, the δ18Ofluid values decrease from 1.8–7.1‰ to 1.0–6.4‰, -1.0 to 1.3‰, and -3.6 to -1.4‰. This indicates that the pre-ore fluids comprise a magmatic component but mixed with some meteoric water, and in the later stages meteoric water has become dominant in the hydrothermal system. Zinc and sulfur isotope compositions reveal that the Zn and S forming the sulfides have a dominantly magmatic origin.

The coupled decreases of fluid temperature, salinity, and δ18Ofluid values during the mineralization indicate simultaneous mixing with meteoric water and ore precipitation, suggesting that fluid mixing was critical in ore deposition. The gradual increase of δ13CCO2 values in equilibrium with the hydrothermal calcite (-5.2 to -1.6‰) from the sulfide stage to the post-ore is attributed to the reaction between the fluids and the carbonate wallrocks, implying a role that fluid-rock interaction has taken in the sulfide deposition. Fluid mixing and fluid-carbonate reaction are the two major factors controlling the formation of the Jinchanghe deposit.

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金昌河锌-铅铁-铜矽卡岩矿床矿物学、流体包裹体及稳定同位素研究
金昌河是中国西南宝山地块北部的一个锌-铅-铁-铜矽卡岩矿床。为典型的远端矽卡岩矿床,矿体为寒武系河桃坪组灰岩和钙质粉砂岩。夕卡岩矿物呈垂直分带状,下部为石榴石夕卡岩,上部为辉石夕卡岩。经济金属也被划分为铁在底部,铜在中间,锌-铅在上部。矽卡岩形成和锌铅铁铜成矿作用可划分为4个共生阶段:成矿前阶段以顺行石榴石和辉石为主;成矿前阶段以铁成矿为代表,伴行逆行钛铁矿、放光石和绿帘石蚀变;成矿后阶段以铜锌铅硫化物为特征;流体包裹体显微测温表明,金厂河斯卡岩体系热液从成矿前阶段(450 ~ 480℃,11.7 ~ 15.5℃,wt% NaCl当量),经过氧化阶段(230 ~ 280℃,6.5 ~ 12.2 wt% NaCl当量)、硫化物阶段(190 ~ 230℃,1.3 ~ 10.3 wt% NaCl当量),最终进入成矿后阶段(120 ~ 180℃,1.6 ~ 4.6 wt% NaCl当量)。相应的,δ18Ofluid值从1.8 ~ 7.1‰降至1.0 ~ 6.4‰,从-1.0 ~ 1.3‰降至-3.6 ~ -1.4‰。这表明成矿前流体中既有岩浆成分,也有一定的大气水,并且在后期大气水在热液系统中占主导地位。锌和硫同位素组成表明,形成硫化物的锌和硫主要是岩浆成因。成矿过程中流体温度、盐度和δ 18o值的耦合降低表明成矿过程中同时存在大气水和矿石降水的混合作用,表明流体混合在成矿过程中起着关键作用。与热液方解石平衡δ13CCO2值(-5.2‰~ -1.6‰)从硫化物阶段到矿石后逐渐升高,归因于流体与碳酸盐围岩的反应,表明流体-岩石相互作用在硫化物沉积中起了作用。流体混合和流体-碳酸盐反应是控制金昌河矿床形成的两个主要因素。
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来源期刊
Mineralium Deposita
Mineralium Deposita 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
6.20%
发文量
61
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The journal Mineralium Deposita introduces new observations, principles, and interpretations from the field of economic geology, including nonmetallic mineral deposits, experimental and applied geochemistry, with emphasis on mineral deposits. It offers short and comprehensive articles, review papers, brief original papers, scientific discussions and news, as well as reports on meetings of importance to mineral research. The emphasis is on high-quality content and form for all articles and on international coverage of subject matter.
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