Exploring stigmatizing perceptions of dementia among racialized groups living in the Anglosphere: A scoping review

Abstract

A prominent gap exists in understanding stigma among racialized persons living with dementia, care partners, and community. A scoping review was conducted to explore stigmatizing perceptions of dementia among racialized groups living in Anglosphere countries. Eligible studies focused on dementia and stigma, and reported data on racialized groups (i.e., Black, Hispanic, South Asian, East Asian, Middle Eastern) living in Anglosphere countries (i.e., Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand). All publication dates were included. Eligible studies were published in English. Scopus, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline(Ovid), EMBASE databases were searched in November 2022. Data extraction and thematic analysis was performed on eligible studies using Corrigan's Model of Stigma. Themes were categorized into stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination. Thirty-six studies were included. Themes aligning with stereotypes included derogatory and unpredictable labels, religious beliefs and mysticism toward dementia, and associating dementia with other diseases. Themes aligning with prejudices included shame or embarrassment of dementia. Themes aligning with discrimination included discouragement in help-seeking and isolation, and lack of social acceptance. Stigmatizing perceptions of dementia among racialized communities may delay diagnosis, treatment, and participation in support programs. Future studies must aim to educate and promote dementia awareness among racialized groups.