Spatial resolution and reconstructed size accuracy using advanced beamformers in linear array-based PAT systems

IF 7.1 1区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Photoacoustics Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI:10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100576

Irene Pi-Martín, Alejandro Cebrecos, Juan J. García-Garrigós, Noé Jiménez, Francisco Camarena

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Abstract

Limitations associated with linear-array probes in photoacoustic tomography are partially compensated by using advanced beamformers that exploit the temporal and spatial coherence of the recorded signals, such as Delay Multiply and Sum (DMAS), Minimum Variance (MV) or coherence factor (CF), among others. However, their associated signal processing leads to an overestimation of the spatial resolution, as well as alterations in the reconstructed object size. Numerical and experimental results reported here support this hypothesis. First, we show that the Rayleigh criterion (RC) is the most suitable choice to characterize the spatial resolution instead of the Point Spread Function (PSF) when considering advanced beamformers. Then, we observe that several advanced beamformers fail to properly reconstruct target sizes slightly above the spatial resolution, underestimating their size. This work sheds light on the suitability of this type of beamformers combined with linear probes for determining sizes and morphology in photoacoustic images.

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在基于线性阵列的PAT系统中使用先进波束形成器的空间分辨率和重建尺寸精度

利用先进的波束成像仪，利用记录信号的时空相干性，如延迟乘和(DMAS)、最小方差(MV)或相干因子(CF)等，部分补偿了光声断层扫描中线性阵列探头的局限性。然而，它们相关的信号处理导致空间分辨率的高估，以及重建对象尺寸的改变。本文报告的数值和实验结果支持这一假设。首先，我们证明了在考虑先进波束形成器时，瑞利准则(RC)是表征空间分辨率最合适的选择，而不是点扩散函数(PSF)。然后，我们观察到一些先进的波束形成器不能正确地重建略高于空间分辨率的目标尺寸，低估了它们的尺寸。这项工作阐明了这种类型的波束形成器与线性探头相结合，用于确定光声图像中的尺寸和形态的适用性。

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来源期刊

Photoacoustics Physics and Astronomy-Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

CiteScore

11.40

自引率

16.50%

发文量

审稿时长

53 days

期刊介绍： The open access Photoacoustics journal (PACS) aims to publish original research and review contributions in the field of photoacoustics-optoacoustics-thermoacoustics. This field utilizes acoustical and ultrasonic phenomena excited by electromagnetic radiation for the detection, visualization, and characterization of various materials and biological tissues, including living organisms. Recent advancements in laser technologies, ultrasound detection approaches, inverse theory, and fast reconstruction algorithms have greatly supported the rapid progress in this field. The unique contrast provided by molecular absorption in photoacoustic-optoacoustic-thermoacoustic methods has allowed for addressing unmet biological and medical needs such as pre-clinical research, clinical imaging of vasculature, tissue and disease physiology, drug efficacy, surgery guidance, and therapy monitoring. Applications of this field encompass a wide range of medical imaging and sensing applications, including cancer, vascular diseases, brain neurophysiology, ophthalmology, and diabetes. Moreover, photoacoustics-optoacoustics-thermoacoustics is a multidisciplinary field, with contributions from chemistry and nanotechnology, where novel materials such as biodegradable nanoparticles, organic dyes, targeted agents, theranostic probes, and genetically expressed markers are being actively developed. These advanced materials have significantly improved the signal-to-noise ratio and tissue contrast in photoacoustic methods.