{"title":"Relationship between Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and the Risk of COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Hu Luoyi, Pan Yan, Fan Qihong","doi":"10.1155/2023/3431612","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Research shows the correlation between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) deletion and insertion (D/I) polymorphism and COVID-19 risk; yet, conclusive evidence is still lacking. Thus, a meta-analysis of relevant articles was performed to more accurately estimate the relationship of ACE I/D polymorphism with the risk of COVID-19. <i>Material and Methods</i>. Relevant literature from the PubMed database was systematically reviewed, and odds ratios (ORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were measured. Additionally, the metapackage from Stata version 15.0 was used for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis eventually contained 8 studies, including 1362 COVID-19 cases and 4312 controls. Based on the data, the ACE I/D polymorphism did not show an association with COVID-19 risk (D vs. I: OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.96-1.64; DD vs. II: OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 0.95-3.74; DI vs. II: OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 0.92-3.31; dominant model: OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 0.99-3.53; and recessive model: OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.81-1.90). Further, subgroup analyses stratified based on case proved that the ACE D allele demonstrated an association with increasing risk of COVID-19 severity (D vs. I: OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.01-2.66; DD vs. II: OR = 4.62, 95% CI = 2.57-8.30; DI vs. II: OR = 3.07, 95% CI = 1.75-5.38; dominant model: OR = 3.74, 95% CI = 2.15-6.50; and recessive model: OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.46-3.51).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ACE D allele was clearly related to an enhanced risk of COVID-19 severity. Hence, it is imperative to take into account the influence of genetic factors during the development of future vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":17330,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System","volume":"2023 ","pages":"3431612"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10697777/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3431612","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2023/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction: Research shows the correlation between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) deletion and insertion (D/I) polymorphism and COVID-19 risk; yet, conclusive evidence is still lacking. Thus, a meta-analysis of relevant articles was performed to more accurately estimate the relationship of ACE I/D polymorphism with the risk of COVID-19. Material and Methods. Relevant literature from the PubMed database was systematically reviewed, and odds ratios (ORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were measured. Additionally, the metapackage from Stata version 15.0 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: The meta-analysis eventually contained 8 studies, including 1362 COVID-19 cases and 4312 controls. Based on the data, the ACE I/D polymorphism did not show an association with COVID-19 risk (D vs. I: OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.96-1.64; DD vs. II: OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 0.95-3.74; DI vs. II: OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 0.92-3.31; dominant model: OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 0.99-3.53; and recessive model: OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.81-1.90). Further, subgroup analyses stratified based on case proved that the ACE D allele demonstrated an association with increasing risk of COVID-19 severity (D vs. I: OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.01-2.66; DD vs. II: OR = 4.62, 95% CI = 2.57-8.30; DI vs. II: OR = 3.07, 95% CI = 1.75-5.38; dominant model: OR = 3.74, 95% CI = 2.15-6.50; and recessive model: OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.46-3.51).
Conclusions: The ACE D allele was clearly related to an enhanced risk of COVID-19 severity. Hence, it is imperative to take into account the influence of genetic factors during the development of future vaccines.
研究表明,血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)缺失和插入(D/I)多态性与COVID-19风险相关;然而,仍然缺乏确凿的证据。因此,我们对相关文献进行荟萃分析,以更准确地估计ACE I/D多态性与COVID-19风险的关系。材料和方法。系统地回顾PubMed数据库中的相关文献,并测量比值比(ORs)和相关的95%置信区间(ci)。此外,使用Stata 15.0版本的元包进行统计分析。结果:meta分析最终包含8项研究,包括1362例COVID-19病例和4312例对照。基于数据,ACE I/D多态性未显示与COVID-19风险相关(D vs. I: OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.96-1.64;DD vs. II: OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 0.95-3.74;DI vs. II: OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 0.92-3.31;优势模型:OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 0.99-3.53;和隐性模型:OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.81-1.90)。此外,基于病例分层的亚组分析证明,ACE D等位基因与COVID-19严重程度风险增加相关(D vs. I: OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.01-2.66;DD vs. II: OR = 4.62, 95% CI = 2.57-8.30;DI vs. II: OR = 3.07, 95% CI = 1.75-5.38;优势模型:OR = 3.74, 95% CI = 2.15-6.50;和隐性模型:OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.46-3.51)。结论:ACE D等位基因与COVID-19严重程度的风险增加明显相关。因此,在未来疫苗的开发过程中,必须考虑到遗传因素的影响。
期刊介绍:
JRAAS is a peer-reviewed, open access journal, serving as a resource for biomedical professionals, primarily with an active interest in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in humans and other mammals. It publishes original research and reviews on the normal and abnormal function of this system and its pharmacology and therapeutics, mostly in a cardiovascular context but including research in all areas where this system is present, including the brain, lungs and gastro-intestinal tract.