New findings on brain actions of growth hormone and potential clinical implications.

IF 6.9 2区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-07 DOI:10.1007/s11154-023-09861-x
Jose Donato, John J Kopchick
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Abstract

Growth hormone (GH) is secreted by somatotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland. The classical effects of GH comprise the stimulation of cell proliferation, tissue and body growth, lipolysis, and insulin resistance. The GH receptor (GHR) is expressed in numerous brain regions. Notably, a growing body of evidence indicates that GH-induced GHR signaling in specific neuronal populations regulates multiple physiological functions, including energy balance, glucose homeostasis, stress response, behavior, and several neurological/cognitive aspects. The importance of central GHR signaling is particularly evident when the organism is under metabolic stress, such as pregnancy, chronic food deprivation, hypoglycemia, and prolonged exercise. These particular situations are associated with elevated GH secretion. Thus, central GH action represents an internal signal that coordinates metabolic, neurological, neuroendocrine, and behavioral adaptations that are evolutionarily advantageous to increase the chances of survival. This review summarizes and discusses recent findings indicating that the brain is an important target of GH, and GHR signaling in different neuronal populations regulates essential physiological functions.

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生长激素脑作用的新发现及其潜在临床意义。
生长激素(GH)由垂体前叶的促生长细胞分泌。生长激素的经典作用包括刺激细胞增殖、组织和身体生长、脂肪分解和胰岛素抵抗。生长激素受体(GHR)在许多脑区表达。值得注意的是,越来越多的证据表明,在特定的神经元群体中,gh诱导的GHR信号调节多种生理功能,包括能量平衡、葡萄糖稳态、应激反应、行为和一些神经/认知方面。中枢GHR信号的重要性在机体处于代谢应激时尤为明显,如妊娠、慢性食物剥夺、低血糖和长时间运动。这些特殊情况与生长激素分泌升高有关。因此,中枢生长激素作用代表了一种内部信号,它协调代谢、神经、神经内分泌和行为适应,这些适应在进化上有利于增加生存机会。这篇综述总结并讨论了最近的研究结果,表明大脑是生长激素的重要靶点,不同神经元群中的GHR信号调节着基本的生理功能。
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来源期刊
Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders
Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders 医学-内分泌学与代谢
CiteScore
14.70
自引率
1.20%
发文量
75
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders is an international journal dedicated to the field of endocrinology and metabolism. It aims to provide the latest advancements in this rapidly advancing field to students, clinicians, and researchers. Unlike other journals, each quarterly issue of this review journal focuses on a specific topic and features ten to twelve articles written by world leaders in the field. These articles provide brief overviews of the latest developments, offering insights into both the basic aspects of the disease and its clinical implications. This format allows individuals in all areas of the field, including students, academic clinicians, and practicing clinicians, to understand the disease process and apply their knowledge to their specific areas of interest. The journal also includes selected readings and other essential references to encourage further in-depth exploration of specific topics.
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