Trophic Specialisation Levels of Geese, Lemmings, and Ruminants with Regard to the Transformation of Arctic Herbivore Communities

IF 0.7 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY Contemporary Problems of Ecology Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI:10.1134/s1995425523060185

I. S. Sheremetev

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Abstract

Despite the availability of more and more data on Arctic biotic communities, even the principal course of their transformation remains unclear. Differences in the population dynamics of geese, lemmings, and ruminants covering more than 98% of the Arctic terrestrial ecosystem recycling and competing for common trophic resources on the basis of specialization are of great interest. Comparing 15 species of the taxa, we showed that grades of their morphophysiological adaptation to phytophagy are matched to empirical estimates of their food selectivity, thereby describing their trophic specialization distribution. Thus, in the Arctic herbivore communities, the selectivity distribution is just as stable as specialization. Populations of trophic specialists in these communities, the most glaring examples of which are the muskox and the snow goose, generally exceed in size and/or growth rate the populations of generalists, which include lemmings and the smallest black geese. The specialist populations have mainly higher size and/or growth rate than the generalist populations. It may be concluded that interspecific competition influences the contemporary transformation of the Arctic herbivore communities much more strongly than environmental factors such as global warming and human activity do.

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鹅、旅鼠和反刍动物的营养专业化水平与北极草食动物群落的转变

摘要尽管关于北极生物群落的数据越来越多，但其转变的主要过程仍不清楚。鹅、旅鼠和反刍动物的种群动态差异覆盖了98%以上的北极陆地生态系统的循环，并在专业化的基础上竞争共同的营养资源。通过对15个物种的比较，我们发现它们对植物噬食的形态生理适应等级与它们的食物选择性的经验估计相匹配，从而描述了它们的营养特化分布。因此，在北极食草动物群落中，选择性分布与专业化分布一样稳定。在这些群落中，营养专家的数量，最明显的例子是麝香和雪鹅，通常在大小和/或生长速度上超过了通才的数量，包括旅鼠和最小的黑鹅。专科人口的规模和/或增长率主要高于通才人口。可以得出结论，种间竞争对北极食草动物群落当代转变的影响比全球变暖和人类活动等环境因素更强烈。

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来源期刊

Contemporary Problems of Ecology 环境科学-生态学

CiteScore

1.40

自引率

12.50%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Contemporary Problems of Ecology is a multidisciplinary periodical that publishes original works on the following subjects: theoretical and methodical issues of ecology, regional aspects of ecology, regional ecological disasters, structure and functioning of ecosystems, anthropogenic transformation of ecosystems. All basic aspects of modern ecology, including the most complicated interactions between living organisms and their environment, are presented. Some of the journal issues are dedicated to global changes in biological diversity at various levels of organization (populations, species, ecosystems) principles and methods of nature conservation.