Pub Date : 2024-07-27DOI: 10.1134/s199542552470029x
G. Yu. Morozova
Abstract
The changes in the life status of Larix gmelinii along the gradient of urbanized ecotypes were considered on the basis of the population analysis and morphometric approach. L. gmelinii growing under different conditions differed in a number of size and growth characteristics of the photosynthetic activity. The highest values were found in plants growing in public gardens and on city streets under conditions of high insolation. Population analysis of L. gmelinii in an urbanized environment was carried out on the basis of quantitative parameters that characterized the growth and morphogenesis of plants (annual growth, indicators of photosynthetic activity). The determining set of characters for the vitality analysis of L. gmelinii consisted of biologically significant characters with a high degree of variability: length of shoot growth (CV varied from 39.09 to 68.86%), weight of needles at annual growth (CV 51.81–120.52%), weight of annual shoot (CV 67.73–119.85). The vitality structure of the populations of the species in the vegetative ontogenetic state changed from depressive to equilibrium, with the population quality index changing from 0.2 to 0.333. The analysis of landscaping of the city transport highways demonstrated that local populations of L. gmelinii in the generative ontogenetic state were of a prosperous type, with the population quality index varying slightly from 0.47 to 0.49. The plasticity of the species and a high viability of L. gmelinii due to the resistance to air pollution and unpretentiousness to soil conditions support a broad application of the larch for landscaping of urban areas.
摘要 基于种群分析和形态计量学方法，研究了沿城市化生态类型梯度的拉里克（Larix gmelinii）生命状态的变化。在不同条件下生长的红叶石楠在光合作用活性的大小和生长特征方面存在差异。在日照充足的条件下，生长在公共花园和城市街道上的植物光合作用值最高。根据植物生长和形态发生的定量参数（年生长量、光合作用活性指标），对城市化环境中的 L. gmelinii 进行了种群分析。L. gmelinii生命力分析的决定性特征集由生物重要特征组成，这些特征具有很大的变异性：嫩枝生长长度（CV值从39.09%到68.86%不等）、年生长针叶重量（CV值从51.81%到120.52%不等）、年生长嫩枝重量（CV值从67.73%到119.85%不等）。无性系本体状态物种种群的生命力结构由衰退变为平衡，种群质量指数由 0.2 变为 0.333。对城市交通公路绿化的分析表明，处于生长发育状态的 L. gmelinii 的局部种群属于繁盛型，种群质量指数在 0.47 至 0.49 之间略有变化。落叶松树种的可塑性以及对空气污染的抵抗力和对土壤条件的朴实无华使其具有很高的生存能力，这都支持将落叶松广泛应用于城市地区的景观美化。
{"title":"Vital Structure of the Larix gmelinii Population in an Urban Environment","authors":"G. Yu. Morozova","doi":"10.1134/s199542552470029x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s199542552470029x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The changes in the life status of <i>Larix gmelinii</i> along the gradient of urbanized ecotypes were considered on the basis of the population analysis and morphometric approach. <i>L. gmelinii</i> growing under different conditions differed in a number of size and growth characteristics of the photosynthetic activity. The highest values were found in plants growing in public gardens and on city streets under conditions of high insolation. Population analysis of <i>L</i>. <i>gmelinii</i> in an urbanized environment was carried out on the basis of quantitative parameters that characterized the growth and morphogenesis of plants (annual growth, indicators of photosynthetic activity). The determining set of characters for the vitality analysis of <i>L</i>. <i>gmelinii</i> consisted of biologically significant characters with a high degree of variability: length of shoot growth (C<sub>V</sub> varied from 39.09 to 68.86%), weight of needles at annual growth (C<sub>V</sub> 51.81–120.52%), weight of annual shoot (C<sub>V</sub> 67.73–119.85). The vitality structure of the populations of the species in the vegetative ontogenetic state changed from depressive to equilibrium, with the population quality index changing from 0.2 to 0.333. The analysis of landscaping of the city transport highways demonstrated that local populations of <i>L. gmelinii</i> in the generative ontogenetic state were of a prosperous type, with the population quality index varying slightly from 0.47 to 0.49. The plasticity of the species and a high viability of <i>L. gmelinii</i> due to the resistance to air pollution and unpretentiousness to soil conditions support a broad application of the larch for landscaping of urban areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"424 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-27DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524700264
D. A. Davydov
Abstract—
An analysis of the ecological characteristics of cyanobacteria of the Svalbard Archipelago was carried out. Two groups of habitats (aquatic and terrestrial ones) were identified. The degree of water saturation was the main factor determining the development of cyanobacteria. The variability of habitats can be represented as a gradient of moisture from typically aquatic to subaerophytic and dry terrestrial habitats. Based on the number of finds and species richness, the most favorable habitats for cyanobacteria in Svalbard were as follows: (1) rocky communities under conditions of sufficient moisture, (2) exposed soil surfaces on which biological soil crusts were formed, (3) well-warmed slow streams, and (4) specific waterlogged habitats, such as seepages. Using the example of the analysis of the ecological characteristics of species growing on the archipelago, the concept of eurybiont properties of cyanobacteria was shown to be inconsistent. The greatest plasticity was exhibited by Nostoc commune Vauch. ex Born. et Flah., Microcoleus autumnalis (Trev. ex Gom.) Strunecky et al.,Calothrix parietina Thur. ex Born. et Flah., Oscillatoria tenuis C. Ag. ex Gom., and Pseudanabaena frigida (Fritsch) Anagn. All species, including those mentioned above, had obvious ecological preferences. An analysis of the substrate specificity of cyanprokaryotes indicated that the greatest number of their species was found in soil, rocky substrates, and moss-like environments.
摘要--对斯瓦尔巴群岛蓝藻的生态特征进行了分析。确定了两类栖息地（水生栖息地和陆生栖息地）。水的饱和度是决定蓝藻发展的主要因素。从典型的水生生境到亚水生生境和干燥的陆生生境，可将生境的变化表现为一个湿度梯度。根据发现的数量和物种丰富程度，斯瓦尔巴特最适合蓝藻生长的生境如下：(1)水分充足的岩石群落；(2)形成生物土壤结壳的裸露土壤表面；(3)温暖的缓流；(4)特定的积水生境，如渗漏。通过对生长在群岛上的物种的生态特征进行分析，发现蓝藻的 "极性 "概念并不一致。可塑性最强的是 Nostoc commune Vauch.包括上述物种在内的所有物种都有明显的生态偏好。对蓝藻原核生物基质特异性的分析表明，在土壤、岩石基质和苔藓类环境中发现的蓝藻原核生物种类最多。
{"title":"Ecological Analysis of Cyanoprokaryotes of the Svalbard Archipelago","authors":"D. A. Davydov","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524700264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524700264","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>An analysis of the ecological characteristics of cyanobacteria of the Svalbard Archipelago was carried out. Two groups of habitats (aquatic and terrestrial ones) were identified. The degree of water saturation was the main factor determining the development of cyanobacteria. The variability of habitats can be represented as a gradient of moisture from typically aquatic to subaerophytic and dry terrestrial habitats. Based on the number of finds and species richness, the most favorable habitats for cyanobacteria in Svalbard were as follows: (1) rocky communities under conditions of sufficient moisture, (2) exposed soil surfaces on which biological soil crusts were formed, (3) well-warmed slow streams, and (4) specific waterlogged habitats, such as seepages. Using the example of the analysis of the ecological characteristics of species growing on the archipelago, the concept of eurybiont properties of cyanobacteria was shown to be inconsistent. The greatest plasticity was exhibited by <i>Nostoc commune</i> Vauch. ex Born. et Flah., <i>Microcoleus autumnalis</i> (Trev. ex Gom.) Strunecky et al.<i>,</i> <i>Calothrix parietina</i> Thur. ex Born. et Flah., <i>Oscillatoria tenuis</i> C. Ag. ex Gom., and <i>Pseudanabaena frigida</i> (Fritsch) Anagn. All species, including those mentioned above, had obvious ecological preferences. An analysis of the substrate specificity of cyanprokaryotes indicated that the greatest number of their species was found in soil, rocky substrates, and moss-like environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-27DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524700355
E. V. Zhmud, I. N. Kuban, A. A. Achimova, O. N. Papina, O. V. Dorogina
Abstract
This paper discusses the abundance and morphogenetic parameters of the species Adonis villosa Ledeb., which is vulnerable in the Altai Republic (AR). Genetic differentiation has been identified in six A. villosa coenopopulations (CPs) using ISSR markers and the variability of its morphometric parameters has been determined in individuals from four CPs inhabiting the AR for the first time. It is established that the studied CPs are similar in variability of morphometric parameters, and the number of mature generative individuals in them has decreased 1.5–2.0 times over the period from 2017 to 2023. The genetic structure is examined using six primers: M 9, UBC 834, UBC 830, UBC 857, UBC 840, and UBC 811; UBC-857 turned out to be the most informative one. Four variants of the distribution of ISSR markers are identified in representatives of the six studied A. villosa CPs that feature a high (88–99%) similarity in the distribution of ISSR markers. Intrapopulation similarity between individuals of this species is also high (97%). Apparently, this is due to the small numbers of mature generative individuals (up to ten) in the studied CPs and their spatial isolation. In the Northern Altai region, A. villosa individuals feature a homogeneous genetic structure, which makes this species vulnerable and necessitates a special approach to its conservation.
{"title":"Variability of Morphometric Parameters in Adonis villosa Ledeb. (Ranunculaceae) and Its Genetic Differentiation Based on ISSR Markers in the Altai Republic","authors":"E. V. Zhmud, I. N. Kuban, A. A. Achimova, O. N. Papina, O. V. Dorogina","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524700355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524700355","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This paper discusses the abundance and morphogenetic parameters of the species <i>Adonis villosa</i> Ledeb., which is vulnerable in the Altai Republic (AR). Genetic differentiation has been identified in six <i>A. villosa</i> coenopopulations (CPs) using ISSR markers and the variability of its morphometric parameters has been determined in individuals from four CPs inhabiting the AR for the first time. It is established that the studied CPs are similar in variability of morphometric parameters, and the number of mature generative individuals in them has decreased 1.5–2.0 times over the period from 2017 to 2023. The genetic structure is examined using six primers: M 9, UBC 834, UBC 830, UBC 857, UBC 840, and UBC 811; UBC-857 turned out to be the most informative one. Four variants of the distribution of ISSR markers are identified in representatives of the six studied <i>A. villosa</i> CPs that feature a high (88–99%) similarity in the distribution of ISSR markers. Intrapopulation similarity between individuals of this species is also high (97%). Apparently, this is due to the small numbers of mature generative individuals (up to ten) in the studied CPs and their spatial isolation. In the Northern Altai region, <i>A. villosa</i> individuals feature a homogeneous genetic structure, which makes this species vulnerable and necessitates a special approach to its conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-27DOI: 10.1134/s199542552470032x
Yu. V. Naumenko, Ch. D. Nazyn
Abstract
The information about the algae of Lake Azas, a part of the water area of which belongs to the Azas State Nature Reserve, is reported for the first time. One hundred seventy one species and intraspecific taxa were identified referred to 72 genera, 50 families, and 8 divisions. The basis of the algal flora was found to consist of diatoms and blue-green algae. Fourteen dominants were identified, 9 of which belong to the Bacillariophyta microalgae. Ecological and geographical studies of the algae in the reserved part of the lake were carried out. The algal flora of the water body was found to be represented by benthic species with a prevalence of indifferent forms in relation to halobility and active reaction of the environment. One hundred twenty three species, indicators of water saprobity, were identified in all the biotopes studied. The predominance of betamezosaprobionts and oligosaprobionts was detected. Geographically, cosmopolitan and boreal species dominated.
{"title":"Characteristics of Algae in Lake Azas (Republic of Tyva, Russia)","authors":"Yu. V. Naumenko, Ch. D. Nazyn","doi":"10.1134/s199542552470032x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s199542552470032x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The information about the algae of Lake Azas, a part of the water area of which belongs to the Azas State Nature Reserve, is reported for the first time. One hundred seventy one species and intraspecific taxa were identified referred to 72 genera, 50 families, and 8 divisions. The basis of the algal flora was found to consist of diatoms and blue-green algae. Fourteen dominants were identified, 9 of which belong to the Bacillariophyta microalgae. Ecological and geographical studies of the algae in the reserved part of the lake were carried out. The algal flora of the water body was found to be represented by benthic species with a prevalence of indifferent forms in relation to halobility and active reaction of the environment. One hundred twenty three species, indicators of water saprobity, were identified in all the biotopes studied. The predominance of betamezosaprobionts and oligosaprobionts was detected. Geographically, cosmopolitan and boreal species dominated.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"354 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-27DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524700367
A. D. Botvinkin, A. A. Klopova, I. V. Mekhanikova, E. V. Romanova, V. G. Shilenkov, D. M. Rudakov, V. P. Samusyonok
Abstract
The trophic relationships between bats (Chiroptera) and Lake Baikal biota have been assessed based on microscopic studies of Myotis petax feces (n = 22). From 82 to 86% of samples had fragments of exoskeletons of caddis flies (Trichoptera) and dipterans (Diptera). These taxa include mainly aquatic and semiaquatic species. Many species from these taxa are endemic to Lake Baikal. Terrestrial insects are found in studied samples less frequently (Hymenoptera 41%, Neuroptera 27%, and Heteroptera 9%). Morphological analysis has revealed fragments of Baikal amphipods in two fecal samples of M. pretax. Further molecular studies will make it possible to detect greater invertebrate taxa diversity in fecal samples of bats feeding near Lake Baikal.
{"title":"First Findings on the Dietary Pattern of the Eastern Water Bat Myotis petax (Hollister, 1812) Feeding near Lake Baikal (Using Coproscopy Data)","authors":"A. D. Botvinkin, A. A. Klopova, I. V. Mekhanikova, E. V. Romanova, V. G. Shilenkov, D. M. Rudakov, V. P. Samusyonok","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524700367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524700367","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The trophic relationships between bats (<i>Chiroptera</i>) and Lake Baikal biota have been assessed based on microscopic studies of <i>Myotis petax</i> feces (<i>n</i> = 22). From 82 to 86% of samples had fragments of exoskeletons of caddis flies (<i>Trichoptera</i>) and dipterans (<i>Diptera</i>). These taxa include mainly aquatic and semiaquatic species. Many species from these taxa are endemic to Lake Baikal. Terrestrial insects are found in studied samples less frequently (<i>Hymenoptera</i> 41%, <i>Neuroptera</i> 27%, and <i>Heteroptera</i> 9%). Morphological analysis has revealed fragments of Baikal amphipods in two fecal samples of <i>M. pretax</i>. Further molecular studies will make it possible to detect greater invertebrate taxa diversity in fecal samples of bats feeding near Lake Baikal.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-27DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524700343
E. O. Chimitdorzhieva
Abstract
The 13C-NMR spectra and elemental composition of lipids of gray forest soils (Greyic Phaeozems), dispersed carbonate chernozems (Haplic Chernozem Hypocalcic), and chestnut soils (Kastanazems) of Western Transbaikalia were analyzed. The contribution of carbon in lipids to the total organic carbon was calculated. This is the first characterization of the lipid fraction of organic matter in cold soils of Western Transbaikalia. An analysis of the spectra, including the assignment of signals from ethoxy groups, phenol derivatives, and alkene fragments, as well as an indication of the ranges of chemical shifts characteristic of certain types of carbon nuclei, were carried out. The content of various types of structural elements in the studied lipids was compared. Based on the obtained results, the main part of lipids consisted of esters and fatty acids. Analysis of the composition of lipids showed that the content of carbon and hydrogen atoms was 65‒73 and 8‒10%, respectively. The high concentration of oxygen atoms in lipids indicated that functional groups containing oxygen were concentrated in the aliphatic part of the lipids. The share of lipid carbon in the total reserve of organic carbon was 6.5% for chestnut soils, 5.8% for gray forest soils, and 4.1% for dispersed carbonate chernozems.
{"title":"Lipids of Cold Soils of Transbaikalia","authors":"E. O. Chimitdorzhieva","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524700343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524700343","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The <sup>13</sup>C-NMR spectra and elemental composition of lipids of gray forest soils (Greyic Phaeozems), dispersed carbonate chernozems (Haplic Chernozem Hypocalcic), and chestnut soils (Kastanazems) of Western Transbaikalia were analyzed. The contribution of carbon in lipids to the total organic carbon was calculated. This is the first characterization of the lipid fraction of organic matter in cold soils of Western Transbaikalia. An analysis of the spectra, including the assignment of signals from ethoxy groups, phenol derivatives, and alkene fragments, as well as an indication of the ranges of chemical shifts characteristic of certain types of carbon nuclei, were carried out. The content of various types of structural elements in the studied lipids was compared. Based on the obtained results, the main part of lipids consisted of esters and fatty acids. Analysis of the composition of lipids showed that the content of carbon and hydrogen atoms was 65‒73 and 8‒10%, respectively. The high concentration of oxygen atoms in lipids indicated that functional groups containing oxygen were concentrated in the aliphatic part of the lipids. The share of lipid carbon in the total reserve of organic carbon was 6.5% for chestnut soils, 5.8% for gray forest soils, and 4.1% for dispersed carbonate chernozems.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-27DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524700306
A. I. Sidorova
Abstract
The results of studies of bottom biocenoses in three types of littoral zone (rocky biotope, gravel-sand biotope, and surf zone with thickets of higher aquatic vegetation) of Lake Onego in 2013 and 2014 are presented. Our data show that, among the three types of coastal zone, the macrozoobenthos biomass is maximal in the rocky littoral zone (3.4–6.6 g/m2) and is minimal in the sandy zone (0.1–0.2 g/m2). The invasive species Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebbing 1899) (CRUSTACEA: AMPHIPODA) has successfully naturalized in all types of littoral zones of the reservoir in recent decades. This species dominates both in number and biomass in the rocky type of biotope.
{"title":"Macrozoobenthos in Different Types of Littoral Zones of Lake Onego","authors":"A. I. Sidorova","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524700306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524700306","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The results of studies of bottom biocenoses in three types of littoral zone (rocky biotope, gravel-sand biotope, and surf zone with thickets of higher aquatic vegetation) of Lake Onego in 2013 and 2014 are presented. Our data show that, among the three types of coastal zone, the macrozoobenthos biomass is maximal in the rocky littoral zone (3.4–6.6 g/m<sup>2</sup>) and is minimal in the sandy zone (0.1–0.2 g/m<sup>2</sup>). The invasive species <i>Gmelinoides fasciatus</i> (Stebbing 1899) (CRUSTACEA: AMPHIPODA) has successfully naturalized in all types of littoral zones of the reservoir in recent decades. This species dominates both in number and biomass in the rocky type of biotope.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-27DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524700276
E. G. Lapteva, S. S. Trofimova, S. V. Zhilich, O. M. Korona
Abstract
A comprehensive paleoecological study of permafrost peat deposits from three locations in the middle reaches of the Yuribei River in the subzone of modern subarctic shrub tundra of the Yamal Peninsula has been performed. Based on the results of palynological and carpological methods and of radiocarbon dating, the changes in regional and local vegetation and climatic conditions of Central Yamal in the Late Glacial and the Postglacial periods are reconstructed. It is found that shrubby tundra with Betula nana was widespread in this area under climatic conditions close to modern ones in the Younger Dryas about 12.6–11.7 cal ka BP. The penetration of tree species (Betula sect. Betula, Picea obovata, and Larix sibirica) and accompanying boreal herbaceous plants began due to more favorable climatic conditions during the Early Holocene warming about 10.2–9.7 cal ka BP. The most favorable conditions for the growth of birch tree, larch, and spruce existed in Central Yamal in the Early and the Middle Holocene in the range of 10.2–4.4 cal ka BP. At that time, open woodlands or even closed forests were common, and the climate was much warmer than the modern one. Forest vegetation degraded and open landscapes with tundra communities were formed at the end of the Middle Holocene (4.5–4.4 cal ka BP). The climatic conditions became similar to modern ones.
摘要 对亚马尔半岛现代亚北极灌木苔原亚区尤里北河中游三个地点的永久冻土泥炭沉积物进行了全面的古生态学研究。根据古生物学和鲤鱼学方法以及放射性碳年代测定的结果，重建了晚冰期和后冰期亚马尔半岛中部地区和当地植被及气候条件的变化。研究发现，在小干期（约公元前 12.6-11.7 卡 ka）的气候条件与现代气候条件接近的情况下，桦树（Betula nana）灌木苔原在这一地区广泛分布。在全新世早期（约公元前 10.2-9.7 卡 ka 年）气候变暖期间，由于气候条件更为有利，乔木物种（桦树科桦树属、扁柏属和西伯利亚腊木属）以及伴生的北方草本植物开始渗透进来。在全新世早期和中期，即公元前 10.2-4.4 卡 ka 之间，亚马尔中部地区的桦树、落叶松和云杉的生长条件最为有利。当时，开阔的林地甚至是封闭的森林很常见，气候也比现代气候温暖得多。中全新世末期（4.5-4.4 cal ka BP），森林植被退化，形成了具有苔原群落的开阔地。气候条件变得与现代相似。
{"title":"Vegetation Dynamics of Central Yamal in the Late Glacial and the Holocene (Based on Paleobotanical Materials from Peat Deposits of the Yuribei River Valley)","authors":"E. G. Lapteva, S. S. Trofimova, S. V. Zhilich, O. M. Korona","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524700276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524700276","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A comprehensive paleoecological study of permafrost peat deposits from three locations in the middle reaches of the Yuribei River in the subzone of modern subarctic shrub tundra of the Yamal Peninsula has been performed. Based on the results of palynological and carpological methods and of radiocarbon dating, the changes in regional and local vegetation and climatic conditions of Central Yamal in the Late Glacial and the Postglacial periods are reconstructed. It is found that shrubby tundra with <i>Betula nana</i> was widespread in this area under climatic conditions close to modern ones in the Younger Dryas about 12.6–11.7 cal ka BP. The penetration of tree species (<i>Betula</i> sect. <i>Betula</i>, <i>Picea obovata</i>, and <i>Larix sibirica</i>) and accompanying boreal herbaceous plants began due to more favorable climatic conditions during the Early Holocene warming about 10.2–9.7 cal ka BP. The most favorable conditions for the growth of birch tree, larch, and spruce existed in Central Yamal in the Early and the Middle Holocene in the range of 10.2–4.4 cal ka BP. At that time, open woodlands or even closed forests were common, and the climate was much warmer than the modern one. Forest vegetation degraded and open landscapes with tundra communities were formed at the end of the Middle Holocene (4.5–4.4 cal ka BP). The climatic conditions became similar to modern ones.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-27DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524700331
S. A. Ermolov
Abstract
This paper discusses earthworm (Lumbricidae) populations inhabiting forb–fern pine forests and fern birch–aspen forests prevailing in the forest-steppe belt of the Ob River region (Novosibirsk oblast) in relation to the forest mosaic. A detailed analysis of the structure of earthworm complexes has made it possible to identify individual species and living forms biotopically confined not only to certain forest types, but to forest microsites as well. Pine forests are mostly predominated by Asian earthworm species, while birch–aspen forests are mostly predominated by cosmopolitans. Differences between earthworm populations inhabiting various microsites in population density and biomass are more pronounced in forest openings than in undercrown and intercrown spaces, especially in pine forests. An analysis of earthworm populations inhabiting fallen deadwood has made it possible to identify distinctive features of their structure: in pine forests, incomplete deadwood earthworm complexes complement soil earthworm complexes; in birch–aspen forests, fallen deadwood represents a distinct microsite with a fully featured earthworm complex.
{"title":"Effect of Forest Mosaic on the Functional Diversity of Earthworms (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) in the Forest-Steppe Belt of the Ob River Region (Novosibirsk Oblast)","authors":"S. A. Ermolov","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524700331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524700331","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This paper discusses earthworm (Lumbricidae) populations inhabiting forb–fern pine forests and fern birch–aspen forests prevailing in the forest-steppe belt of the Ob River region (Novosibirsk oblast) in relation to the forest mosaic. A detailed analysis of the structure of earthworm complexes has made it possible to identify individual species and living forms biotopically confined not only to certain forest types, but to forest microsites as well. Pine forests are mostly predominated by Asian earthworm species, while birch–aspen forests are mostly predominated by cosmopolitans. Differences between earthworm populations inhabiting various microsites in population density and biomass are more pronounced in forest openings than in undercrown and intercrown spaces, especially in pine forests. An analysis of earthworm populations inhabiting fallen deadwood has made it possible to identify distinctive features of their structure: in pine forests, incomplete deadwood earthworm complexes complement soil earthworm complexes; in birch–aspen forests, fallen deadwood represents a distinct microsite with a fully featured earthworm complex.</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-27DOI: 10.1134/s1995425524700288
E. G. Shvetsov
Abstract
Here, the effect of the energy characteristics of fires, their seasonality, and duration on the number of fires causing the death of forest stands in Siberia in 2002–2022 was studied. The energy characteristics of fires were assessed using an indicator, such as the fire radiative power (FRP), measured using data from the MODIS radiometer. To assess the degree of disturbance of forest stands and to identify those fires that led to the death of the forest stand, a product of changes in global forest cover, generated from Landsat satellite data, was used. Over the period from 2002 to 2022, the region experienced an increase in both the total burned area and the area of fires resulting in the death of the forest stand. At the same time, an increase in the recorded fire radiative power was observed. The total values of the fire radiative power released during the duration of the fire in the case of fires that caused the death of forest stands (390.2 (σ = 80.5) MW/km2) turned out to be significantly higher (p < 0.01) than the values of fire radiative power for fires that did not lead to the death of forest stands (291.8 (σ = 74.7) MW/km2). The fire radiative power in dark coniferous forests and larch forests was on average 20–25% higher than that for fires in mixed forests dominated by deciduous stands. Fires that were accompanied by the death of forests were commonly recorded in the second half of summer, with a maximum occurring from July to the first decade of August, while fires that did not lead to the death of the forest stand were observed throughout the entire fire season. Moreover, stand-replacement fires were characterized by a longer duration (average duration, 4.8 (σ = 1.0) days) compared to non-stand-replacement fires (3.9 (σ = 0.7) days).
{"title":"Assessment of Post-Fire Forest Loss in Siberia Using Satellite Data and Its Relationship with Characteristics of Fires","authors":"E. G. Shvetsov","doi":"10.1134/s1995425524700288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1995425524700288","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Here, the effect of the energy characteristics of fires, their seasonality, and duration on the number of fires causing the death of forest stands in Siberia in 2002–2022 was studied. The energy characteristics of fires were assessed using an indicator, such as the fire radiative power (FRP), measured using data from the MODIS radiometer. To assess the degree of disturbance of forest stands and to identify those fires that led to the death of the forest stand, a product of changes in global forest cover, generated from Landsat satellite data, was used. Over the period from 2002 to 2022, the region experienced an increase in both the total burned area and the area of fires resulting in the death of the forest stand. At the same time, an increase in the recorded fire radiative power was observed. The total values of the fire radiative power released during the duration of the fire in the case of fires that caused the death of forest stands (390.2 (σ = 80.5) MW/km<sup>2</sup>) turned out to be significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.01) than the values of fire radiative power for fires that did not lead to the death of forest stands (291.8 (σ = 74.7) MW/km<sup>2</sup>). The fire radiative power in dark coniferous forests and larch forests was on average 20–25% higher than that for fires in mixed forests dominated by deciduous stands. Fires that were accompanied by the death of forests were commonly recorded in the second half of summer, with a maximum occurring from July to the first decade of August, while fires that did not lead to the death of the forest stand were observed throughout the entire fire season. Moreover, stand-replacement fires were characterized by a longer duration (average duration, 4.8 (σ = 1.0) days) compared to non-stand-replacement fires (3.9 (σ = 0.7) days).</p>","PeriodicalId":50619,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Problems of Ecology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号