Why Does Globalization Fuel Populism? Economics, Culture, and the Rise of Right-Wing Populism

IF 6.8 2区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Annual Review of Economics Pub Date : 2021-08-05 DOI:10.1146/annurev-economics-070220-032416
Dani Rodrik
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Abstract

There is compelling evidence that globalization shocks, often working through culture and identity, have played an important role in driving up support for populist movements, particularly of the right-wing kind. I start with an empirical analysis of the 2016 presidential election in the United States to show that globalization-related attitudinal variables were important correlates of the switch to Trump. I then provide a conceptual framework that identifies four distinct channels through which globalization can stimulate populism, two each on the demand and supply sides of politics. I evaluate the empirical literature with the help of this framework, discussing trade, financial globalization, and immigration separately. I conclude the review by discussing some apparently anomalous cases in which populists have been against, rather than in favor of, trade protection.
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全球化为何助长民粹主义?经济、文化与右翼民粹主义的兴起
有令人信服的证据表明,全球化冲击(通常通过文化和身份发挥作用)在推动民粹主义运动(尤其是右翼运动)获得支持方面发挥了重要作用。我首先对2016年美国总统大选进行实证分析,以表明与全球化相关的态度变量是转向特朗普的重要相关因素。然后,我提供了一个概念框架,确定了全球化可以刺激民粹主义的四种不同渠道,其中两种分别来自政治的需求方面和供给方面。我在这个框架的帮助下评估了实证文献,分别讨论了贸易、金融全球化和移民。最后,我将讨论一些明显反常的案例,在这些案例中,民粹主义者反对(而不是支持)贸易保护。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.70
自引率
3.60%
发文量
34
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Economics covers significant developments in the field of economics, including macroeconomics and money; microeconomics, including economic psychology; international economics; public finance; health economics; education; economic growth and technological change; economic development; social economics, including culture, institutions, social interaction, and networks; game theory, political economy, and social choice; and more.
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