Design and operation of a long-term monitoring system for spectral electrical impedance tomography (sEIT)

IF 1.8 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Geoscientific Instrumentation Methods and Data Systems Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI:10.5194/gi-11-413-2022
Maximilian Weigand, Egon Zimmermann, Valentin Michels, Johan Alexander Huisman, Andreas Kemna
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Abstract

Spectral electrical impedance tomography (sEIT) is increasingly used to characterise the structure of subsurface systems using measurements in the megahertz to kilohertz range. Additionally, hydrogeophysical and biogeophysical processes are characterised and monitored using sEIT. The method combines multiple, spatially distributed, spectroscopic measurements with tomographic inversion algorithms to obtain images of the complex electrical resistivity distribution in the subsurface at various frequencies. Spectral polarisation measurements provide additional information about the systems under investigation and can be used to reduce ambiguities that occur if only the in-phase resistivity values are analysed. However, spectral impedance measurements are very sensitive to details of the measurement setup as well as to external noise and error components. Despite promising technical progress in improving measurement quality as well as progress in the characterisation and understanding of static polarisation signatures of the subsurface, long-term (i.e. multi-month to multi-year) monitoring attempts with fixed setups are still rare. Yet, measurement targets often show inherent non-stationarity that would require monitoring for a proper system characterisation. With the aim of improving operating foundations for similar endeavours, we here report on the design and field deployment of a permanently installed monitoring system for sEIT data. The specific aim of this monitoring installation is the characterisation of crop root evolution over a full growing season, requiring multiple measurements per day over multiple months to capture relevant system dynamics. In this contribution, we discuss the general layout and design of the monitoring setup, including the data acquisition system, additional on-site equipment, required corrections to improve data quality for high frequencies, data management and remote-processing facilities used to analyse the measured data. The choice and installation of electrodes, cables and measurement configurations are discussed and quality parameters are used for the continuous assessment of system functioning and data quality. Exemplary analysis results of the first season of operation highlight the importance of continuous quality control. It is also found that proper cable elevation decreased capacitive leakage currents and in combination with the correction of inductive effects led to consistent tomographic results up to 1 kHz measurement frequency. Overall, the successful operation of an sEIT monitoring system over multiple months with multiple daily tomographic measurements was achieved.
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频谱电阻抗断层扫描(sEIT)长期监测系统的设计与运行
频谱电阻抗层析成像(sEIT)越来越多地用于表征地下系统的结构,使用兆赫到千赫兹范围的测量。此外,利用sEIT对水文地球物理和生物地球物理过程进行了表征和监测。该方法将多重、空间分布的光谱测量与层析反演算法相结合,获得地下不同频率的复杂电阻率分布图像。光谱偏振测量提供了被调查系统的额外信息,可以用来减少只分析同相电阻率值时出现的模糊性。然而,频谱阻抗测量对测量设置的细节以及外部噪声和误差成分非常敏感。尽管在提高测量质量以及对地下静态极化特征的描述和理解方面取得了有希望的技术进步,但使用固定装置进行长期(即数月或数年)监测的尝试仍然很少。然而,测量目标通常显示出固有的非平稳性,这需要对适当的系统特征进行监测。为了改善类似工作的操作基础,我们在此报告了永久性安装的sEIT数据监测系统的设计和现场部署。该监测装置的具体目的是描述作物根系在整个生长季节的演变特征,需要在多个月内每天进行多次测量,以捕获相关的系统动态。在本文中,我们讨论了监测装置的总体布局和设计,包括数据采集系统、额外的现场设备、提高高频数据质量所需的修正、数据管理和用于分析测量数据的远程处理设施。讨论了电极、电缆和测量配置的选择和安装,并使用质量参数对系统功能和数据质量进行持续评估。第一季运行的示范性分析结果突出了持续质量控制的重要性。还发现,适当的电缆高度降低了电容泄漏电流,并结合感应效应的校正,导致高达1khz测量频率的层析结果一致。总体而言,sEIT监测系统成功运行了多个月,每天进行多次层析成像测量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Geoscientific Instrumentation Methods and Data Systems
Geoscientific Instrumentation Methods and Data Systems GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARYMETEOROLOGY-METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
23
审稿时长
37 weeks
期刊介绍: Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems (GI) is an open-access interdisciplinary electronic journal for swift publication of original articles and short communications in the area of geoscientific instruments. It covers three main areas: (i) atmospheric and geospace sciences, (ii) earth science, and (iii) ocean science. A unique feature of the journal is the emphasis on synergy between science and technology that facilitates advances in GI. These advances include but are not limited to the following: concepts, design, and description of instrumentation and data systems; retrieval techniques of scientific products from measurements; calibration and data quality assessment; uncertainty in measurements; newly developed and planned research platforms and community instrumentation capabilities; major national and international field campaigns and observational research programs; new observational strategies to address societal needs in areas such as monitoring climate change and preventing natural disasters; networking of instruments for enhancing high temporal and spatial resolution of observations. GI has an innovative two-stage publication process involving the scientific discussion forum Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems Discussions (GID), which has been designed to do the following: foster scientific discussion; maximize the effectiveness and transparency of scientific quality assurance; enable rapid publication; make scientific publications freely accessible.
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