High levels of polycyclic aromatic compounds in outdoor and indoor PM10 of an urban residential environment during a winter pollution event in Strasbourg, France

IF 2.9 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Air Quality Atmosphere and Health Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI:10.1007/s11869-023-01476-0
Mathieu Galmiche, Olivier Delhomme, Stéphane le Calvé, Yannis-Nicolas François, Maurice Millet
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Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are major airborne pollutants. However, their assessment has mostly been restricted to 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this work, 76 PACs including PAHs, oxy-PAHs, nitro-PAHs, azaarenes, and thiaarenes were monitored in an urban residential environment. A short-term campaign was conducted at three dwellings in Strasbourg, France, with low-volume PM10 samplers operated simultaneously outdoors and indoors. Household dust was also sampled in these dwellings. The PACs of interest were extracted by pressurized liquid extraction in toluene and acetonitrile, and quantified by GC-MS/MS. The total concentration of PACs in PM10 was between 67 and 179 ng·m−3 outdoors and between 62 and 401 ng·m−3 indoors. Total PAC levels in settled dust varied from 3.5 to 31 μg·g−1, and from 0.44 to 3.88 μg·m−2. Due to the high influence of surfaces dust load, the interpretation of PAC concentrations in settled dust was different if mass concentrations or surface concentrations were studied. This sampling campaign concurrent with a winter pollution event led to exceptionally high concentrations of PACs. The samples of this work set maximum values for PAHs and oxy-PAHs in airborne particles among recent European studies, and an absolute maximum value for azaarenes. However, the acute short-term exposure of Strasbourg inhabitants to PACs during this pollution event is balanced by the normal concentrations of PACs in household dust, which characterizes better the long-term exposure. Source apportionment was performed thanks to PAH diagnostic ratios. It indicated a prevalence of road traffic and a possibility of PAH photochemical aging in dust.

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法国斯特拉斯堡冬季污染事件期间,城市居住环境室外和室内PM10中多环芳香族化合物含量高
多环芳香族化合物(PACs)是主要的大气污染物。然而,它们的评价大多局限于16种重点多环芳烃(PAHs)。对城市居住环境中的76种多环芳烃进行了监测,包括多环芳烃、氧基多环芳烃、硝基多环芳烃、氮杂芳烃和硫杂芳烃。在法国斯特拉斯堡的三所住宅开展了一项短期运动,在室外和室内同时使用小容量PM10采样器。还对这些住所的家庭灰尘进行了采样。以甲苯和乙腈为溶剂,采用加压液体萃取法提取目的PACs,并采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS/MS)定量。室外PM10中PACs总浓度为67 ~ 179 ng·m−3,室内为62 ~ 401 ng·m−3。沉降尘中总PAC含量为3.5 ~ 31 μg·g−1,0.44 ~ 3.88 μg·m−2。由于表面粉尘负荷的影响较大,在质量浓度和表面浓度研究中,沉降尘中PAC浓度的解释是不同的。这次采样活动与冬季污染事件同时进行,导致pac浓度异常高。这项工作的样本在最近的欧洲研究中设定了空气中多环芳烃和氧-多环芳烃的最大值,以及氮扎芳烃的绝对最大值。然而,在这次污染事件中,斯特拉斯堡居民对pac的急性短期暴露与家庭灰尘中pac的正常浓度相平衡,后者的特点是长期暴露。通过多环芳烃诊断比率进行源分配。这表明道路交通的普遍存在以及粉尘中多环芳烃光化学老化的可能性。
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来源期刊
Air Quality Atmosphere and Health
Air Quality Atmosphere and Health ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
2.00%
发文量
146
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health is a multidisciplinary journal which, by its very name, illustrates the broad range of work it publishes and which focuses on atmospheric consequences of human activities and their implications for human and ecological health. It offers research papers, critical literature reviews and commentaries, as well as special issues devoted to topical subjects or themes. International in scope, the journal presents papers that inform and stimulate a global readership, as the topic addressed are global in their import. Consequently, we do not encourage submission of papers involving local data that relate to local problems. Unless they demonstrate wide applicability, these are better submitted to national or regional journals. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health addresses such topics as acid precipitation; airborne particulate matter; air quality monitoring and management; exposure assessment; risk assessment; indoor air quality; atmospheric chemistry; atmospheric modeling and prediction; air pollution climatology; climate change and air quality; air pollution measurement; atmospheric impact assessment; forest-fire emissions; atmospheric science; greenhouse gases; health and ecological effects; clean air technology; regional and global change and satellite measurements. This journal benefits a diverse audience of researchers, public health officials and policy makers addressing problems that call for solutions based in evidence from atmospheric and exposure assessment scientists, epidemiologists, and risk assessors. Publication in the journal affords the opportunity to reach beyond defined disciplinary niches to this broader readership.
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