Mechanical and chemical surface treatment enhances bond strength between zirconia and orthodontic brackets: an in vitro study

IF 2.5 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE BDJ Open Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI:10.1038/s41405-023-00180-6

Nareudee Limpuangthip, Atikom Surintanasarn, Ploylada Vitavaspan

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Abstract

Objectives

To assess the shear bond strength (SBS) between metal orthodontic brackets and zirconia after receiving different mechanical and chemical surface treatments, and different types of resin adhesive. The failure mode of each treatment protocol was also evaluated.

Materials and methods

The present in vitro experimental study consisted of six surface treatment protocols with two different resin adhesives. One-hundred and forty-four rectangular-shaped 3 mol% yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal blocks were milled, sintered, and embedded in acrylic resin. They were randomly divided into three mechanical (none, air abrasion, and bur grinding) and two chemical surface treatment conditions (no primer and Z-primer). The specimens were divided into two groups according to the resin adhesive received: self-cured (RelyX U200) and light-cured adhesives (Transbond XT). The SBS between the metal bracket and zirconia was tested using a universal testing machine (1-mm/min crosshead speed), and the failure mode was evaluated. Differences in SBS and failure mode were analyzed using Welch ANOVA followed by post-hoc comparison and Fisher’s Exact test, respectively.

Results

Bur grinding produced the highest SBS, followed by air abrasion. Z-primer application typically provided a higher SBS regardless of resin adhesive used (p < 0.001). Without primer application, RelyX U200 provided a higher SBS than Transbond XT (p < 0.001). After grinding, using Z-primer and RelyX U200 resulted in a higher SBS than no primer and using Transbond XT (p < 0.001). Adhesive failure at the zirconia–adhesive interface occurred only when Transbond XT was applied without bur grinding, and when using Transbond XT after grinding, but no Z-primer application.

Conclusion

Bur grinding combined with applying an MDP-containing primer and resin adhesive enhances the SBS between zirconia and metal orthodontic brackets.

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机械和化学表面处理可增强氧化锆与正畸托槽之间的粘接强度：体外研究

目的评估金属正畸托槽和氧化锆在接受不同的机械和化学表面处理以及不同类型的树脂粘合剂后的剪切粘接强度（SBS）。材料和方法本体外实验研究包括六种表面处理方案和两种不同的树脂粘合剂。将 144 块 3 mol% 钇稳定四角氧化锆多晶体矩形块研磨、烧结并嵌入丙烯酸树脂中。这些试样被随机分为三种机械处理条件（无、气磨和毛刺研磨）和两种化学表面处理条件（无底漆和 Z-底漆）。试样根据所使用的树脂粘合剂分为两组：自固化粘合剂（RelyX U200）和光固化粘合剂（Transbond XT）。使用万能试验机（十字头速度为 1 毫米/分钟）测试金属支架和氧化锆之间的 SBS，并评估失效模式。采用韦尔奇方差分析（Welch ANOVA）和费雪精确检验（Fisher's Exact Test）分别分析了 SBS 和失效模式的差异。无论使用哪种树脂粘合剂，使用 Z 型底漆通常都能产生更高的 SBS（p <0.001）。在不使用底胶的情况下，RelyX U200 的 SBS 比 Transbond XT 高（p < 0.001）。打磨后，使用 Z-primer 和 RelyX U200 的 SBS 要高于不使用底胶和使用 Transbond XT 的 SBS（p < 0.001）。只有在使用 Transbond XT 时未进行毛刺研磨，以及在研磨后使用 Transbond XT 但未使用 Z-primer 时，氧化锆-粘合剂界面才会发生粘合失效。

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