BDJ Open最新文献

Background: Robust oral health data collection in birth cohort studies is needed to understand the oral microbiome in relation to oral and general health.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe the collection of oral health data in toddlers participating in a birth cohort focussing on microbiome development. Hereby, we aim to support the interpretation of variance in microbiome data.

Methods: The Amsterdam Infant Microbiome Study (AIMS, n = ~500) is a longitudinal prospective birth cohort assessing microbiota, general health status, demographics, (oral) health behaviour and dietary behaviour in children from birth up to three years. The Oral Health Study (OHS) is a sub-study of AIMS, assessing the oral health of children and their mothers. From the mothers, data on periodontal health (clinical attachment loss, gingival bleeding), oral hygiene (dental plaque, calculus) and dental caries (DMFS) is collected. In children, data on caries prevalence (ICDAS) and infection (pufa), oral hygiene (dental plaque, calculus), Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA), oromuscular function, and bitter taste sensitivity are collected.

Results: Enrolment in OHS started in October 2022 and is planned to continue up to December 2028. In October 2024, 64 mother-child pairs were enroled in the study.

Conclusions: Data collection is expected to be completed by January 2028. Results will be shared at international conferences and via peer-reviewed publications.

Introduction: Residual microorganisms may remain even after thorough mechanical cavity preparation, leading to secondary caries. Additionally, the smear layer generated during this process can impair the adhesion between composite resin and dentine and limit the penetration of disinfectants into dentinal tubules. This study aimed to compare the effects of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 980 nm diode laser, and Er:YAG laser as cavity disinfectants on dentine morphology, mineral content, and microleakage of composite restorations.

Materials and methods: Forty extracted sound human primary molars were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10): Group I (negative control, no disinfection), Group II (2% CHX application), Group III (980 nm diode laser, 1 W, continuous wave), and Group IV (Er:YAG laser, 1.2 W). Dentine morphology and restoration microleakage were examined via Scanning Electron Microscopy: (SEM), while mineral content was evaluated using Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS).

Results: SEM analysis showed that CHX (Group II) left smear layer residues with narrowed tubules, while the diode laser (Group III) partially removed the smear layer. Er:YAG laser (Group IV) resulted in complete smear layer removal, wider tubules. EDS revealed significantly higher mineral content (Ca, P and Ca/P ratio)in Group IV compared to Groups II and group III (p < 0.001), with no significant difference between Groups II and III. Microleakage was highest in the control group and lowest in the Er:YAG group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The Er:YAG laser showed enhanced outcomes in improving dentine morphology, increasing mineral content, and minimizing microleakage, making it the most effective disinfectant tested.

Objective: Breathing patterns and their influence on craniofacial growth and development have remained a subject of debate within orthodontics and otolaryngology. In this study, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was employed to analyze and compare airway morphology and airflow dynamics between individuals with normal nasal breathing and those with varying degrees of nasal obstruction.

Materials and methods: A total of five patients aged 18 to 28 years were selected for the study, comprising four individuals with varying degrees of nasal obstruction and one asymptomatic nasal breather, as verified by prior clinical evaluation from an otorhinolaryngologist. The samples were categorized into three groups: (1) nasal breathers with no anatomical abnormalities, (2) mouth breathers with septal deviation, and (3) predominant mouth breathers with nasal polyposis. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans were utilized for airway segmentation and subsequent CFD analysis. Key parameters like airflow patterns, velocity distribution, WSS, and airway resistance were evaluated at multiple sites within the pharyngeal airway.

Results: The analysis revealed a non-uniform velocity distribution within the pharyngeal airway, influenced by anatomical variations in the nasal cavity. Flow parameters, including velocity streamlines, velocity contours, WSS, and pressure drop, varied notably across different grades of nasal obstruction.

Conclusion: The observed airflow characteristics offer valuable insights into the combined effects of physiological and pathological breathing on airway dynamics. The airflow patterns identified in this study confirm the presence of altered airflow in obstructed nasal airways. Flow parameters, such as velocity streamlines, which illustrate the trajectory of air through the nasal cavity, may serve as supportive indicators for clinical symptoms such as anosmia. The non-invasive nature of CFD allows for a realistic assessment of airway flow behaviour.

Introduction: Preclinical dental training requires extensive feedback and repetition, which traditional manikin exercises often lack. Adapt VR is a cost-effective, immersive system that delivers interactive, adaptive training with real-time feedback.

Methods: This comparative study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Adapt VR system in preclinical training. A total of 126 third-year dental students were randomly assigned to an Adapt VR Group 1 (n = 63), acquiring VR learning experience before practicing on laboratory simulators, or a control group (n = 63) who started their training on simulators directly. After practising Class I and II cavity preparations, laboratory performance was scored with a standard rubric; VR participants also completed a post-training questionnaire.

Results: The VR group achieved a higher mean laboratory score (6.31) than controls (3.93; p < 0.001). Within the VR cohort no significant difference emerged between Class I and II scores (p = 0.16). Simulator averages were 81.5 for Class I and 79.4 for Class II. Most VR trainees reported increased confidence and an enhanced learning experience.

Conclusions: Iintegrating the Adapt VR system into preclinical dental education significantly enhances students' skill acquisition and self-confidence compared to conventional manikin-based training.

Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health issue and leading cause of early death for women in Australia and internationally. Implementation of Domestic Violence Routine Screening (DVRS) in public health settings has been found as an effective way to identify IPV and offer support.

Aims and setting: To evaluate DVRS implementation in adult and paediatric clinics of a public dental hospital in Sydney, Australia, from January 2023 until February 2024.

Design: Prospective clinical study where eligible women were screened for IPV using a tool adapted from standardised screening tools for use across multiple public health services.

Materials and methods: Demographic, medical, dental, psycho-social data and emergency department presentations were analysed from health records.

Results: The study clinics cared for 10,197 women and 5597 carers over 13-months. In the 6-months post implementation, IPV disclosure increased by 529% (7-44 cases). By month 13, the IPV disclosure rate was 11% (n = 85). Screening did not impede the dental appointment. All women who disclosed IPV were offered referral to support and 36 women (42%) accepted.

Conclusion: DVRS implementation resulted in an IPV disclosure rate comparable to other public health services where DVRS is mandatory. Public dental services can play an important role in screening and supporting women who have or are experiencing IPV.

Introduction: Accurate implant placement in edentulous patients remains a clinical challenge, particularly when using mucosa-supported guides, which are prone to positional errors.

Aims: To evaluate the accuracy of implant placement using the Fixed Edentulous Implant Guide (FEIG), a screw-retained guide system, compared with a conventional mucosa-supported guide in an edentulous mandible model.

Materials and methods: Ten anatomical mandibular models with simulated mucosa and bone were used. Forty dummy implants were placed using either the FEIG system or a conventional guide. Implant positions were virtually planned, and deviations were assessed by comparing the planned and actual positions using STL-based alignment and a custom measurement algorithm.

Results: The FEIG system demonstrated significantly lower mean deviations at the coronal (0.45 ± 0.15 mm) and apical (0.28 ± 0.13 mm) levels compared with the conventional guide (1.22 ± 0.61 mm and 0.89 ± 0.39 mm, respectively; p < 0.001). Angular deviation was lower for the FEIG (1.99° ± 0.98) but not statistically significant (p = 0.081).

Conclusions: The FEIG method significantly improved the accuracy of implant placement in vitro compared to a conventional edentulous guide. Further in vivo studies are warranted to confirm its clinical applicability.

Objective: This protocol for scoping review aims to systematically map existing evidence on collaborative approaches between Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) and Prosthodontics in implant therapy, exploring their implementation, influential clinical domains, current methodologies, technologies, and identifying research gaps.

Introduction: Dental implant therapy has revolutionized patient care, but optimal success, especially in complex cases, hinges on precise surgical and prosthetic foresight. The synergy between OMFS and Prosthodontists is crucial. Modern dentistry embraces a prosthetically driven, integrated paradigm, greatly streamlined by digital workflows. Despite advancements, literature remains fragmented, lacking a comprehensive synthesis of collaborative models. This protocol for review seeks to bridge that gap.

Inclusion criteria: Studies on adult (≥18 years) edentulous or partially edentulous patients undergoing implant-based rehabilitation, focusing on OMFS and Prosthodontics interdisciplinary collaboration in planning, surgery, and prosthetics, will be considered. All clinical settings, regions, and study designs (quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods, reviews, text/opinion papers) are included. Studies solely on a single discipline or maxillofacial prosthetics unrelated to tooth replacement via implants will be excluded.

Methods: This protocol for scoping review explains methodology that will follow PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A comprehensive search will be conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts, and full texts. Data extraction will use a standardized charting form, followed by descriptive and thematic analysis, presented narratively with tables/figures.

Review registration: Open Science Framework https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/USZ9V.

Objective: To evaluate a new primary-care based oral surgery service in Plymouth, England using Maxwells' Dimensions of Quality framework.

Methods: A retrospective observational study of referral, service and treatment outcome data.

Results: Over a 35-month period the service received 1165 referrals, with 89% of patients referred receiving treatment within 63 days. Treatment provided was predominantly dento-alevolar surgery accounting for 82% of treatment provided, and soft tissue lesions accounting for 17%. The re-attendance rate for complications was 4%, and antibiotic use was 2%. Sedation was required for 17% of treatment cases. Cost analysis indicated a cost per case of between £138-196.

Conclusion: The service meets the national clinical standards in oral surgery. High ongoing demand for referral of medium-complexity oral surgery cases from primary dental care to specialist providers/services is likely to continue. The opportunity to develop more primary care capacity has the potential to improve accessibility and convenience for patients and optimise use of NHS resources.