BDJ Open最新文献

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the marginal bone level changes (MBLC), survival, and success rate of 4 mini-implants (MIs) of two different diameters versus two standard-sized implants (SIs) that were loaded functionally and immediately by a complete mandibular denture.

Materials and methods: The study comprised 29 participants with conventional complete dentures; they were randomly allocated into three groups. Group S included 11 participants who received two SIs of 3.75 mm diameter, group M3 included 8 participants who received four MIs of 3 mm diameter, and group M2.5 included 10 participants who received four MIs of 2.5 mm diameter. MBLC was evaluated on each implant's mesial and distal sides after 18 months of loading. A paired t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for intragroup and intergroup comparisons, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). The evaluation of survival and success rates adhered to the criteria established by the International Congress of Oral Implantologists in Pisa (2007).

Results: Immediate loading was employed in all cases. No failure occurred in any case. The success rate after 18 months was 90.91% in the S group, 90.63% in the M3 group, and 90% in the M2.5 group. MBLC after 18 months of loading were 0.76 ± 0.62 mm mesially and 0.63 ± 0.90 mm distally in the S group, 1.04 ± 0.72 mm mesially and 1.05 ± 0.84 mm distally in the M3 group, and 1.37 ± 0.73 mm mesially and 1.11 ± 0.68 mm distally in the M2.5 group.

Conclusion: The SIs group showed better radiographic results and success rates than the MIs groups. As the diameter of the implant decreases, the mean MBLC increases. However, the results of the MIs groups were within acceptable limits. The survival rate was 100% in the three groups.

Objectives: Tooth-whitening treatments in modern dentistry often led to enamel demineralization and sensitivity. This study explored potassium sodium tartrate, a piezoelectric material which employs a piezoelectricity effect to gently remove stains, as a non-invasive alternative to traditional peroxide-based whitening methods which chemically oxidize extrinsic stains causing enamel demineralization and sensitivity. Specifically, the research measured stain removal, enamel integrity, addressing common drawbacks of peroxide treatments.

Materials and methods: The research was focused on two in vitro studies assessed sodium potassium tartrate efficacy for whitening and enamel preservation compared to carbamide peroxide. In the first experiment bovine enamel blocks (n = 10/group) were stained and treated with prototype toothpastes (2% potassium sodium tartrate, 2% carbamide peroxide, base-only control, deionized water) via simulated brushing followed by a cumulative 3.5-hour immersion to model extended action. Stain Removal Index (SRI%) and Surface Microhardness Recovery (%SMHR) were measured. In the second experiment Stained human enamel (n = 8-10/group) was treated with commercial-type toothpastes, including those containing 2% potassium sodium tartrate, over simulated 1-week and 1-month periods. Whitening was quantified as VITA® Bleachedguide shade changes. Instrument calibration and ethical sample sourcing were as per standardized protocols.

Results: In the first experiment the potassium sodium tartrate and carbamide peroxide groups showed statistically equivalent stain removal (SRI%: 30.06 ± 7.08 vs. 30.02 ± 6.58). However, carbamide peroxide significantly reduced enamel microhardness (%SMHR: -15.80 ± 4.38), whereas potassium sodium tartrate preserved it (0.08 ± 4.06), similar to non-whitening controls. In the second experiment after one month, the potassium sodium tartrate formulation with fluoride achieved comparable shade improvement (4.76 ± 1.51 shades) to the peroxide-fluoride control (4.38 ± 0.58 shades).

Conclusions: In vitro results indicate potassium sodium tartrate could provide an effective and enamel-safe alternative to peroxide-based whitening, meriting further clinical investigation.

Background/aims: Treatment paradigms for teeth with signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis in permanent teeth are evolving, with increasing interest in conservative approaches such as therapeutic pulpotomy. Understanding the perspectives of both general dentists and endodontists is essential to defining current clinical practices and informing future research. This study explored dental practitioners' approaches to the diagnosis and management of irreversible pulpitis, with a focus on the use of pulpotomy as a definitive treatment.

Methods: An online "Quick Poll" cross-sectional survey was distributed to dental practitioners in the United States via the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network and in the United Kingdom through open online channels, including local dental networks, practice-based research networks, and social media platforms.

Results: A total of 750 practitioners responded (USA: 416; UK: 334), most of whom were general dental practitioners with over 10 years of experience. Irreversible pulpitis was most diagnosed in 1-5 patients per month. Root canal therapy was the predominant treatment in both countries (USA: 77%; UK: 90%), with extraction frequently selected in the UK (50%). Pulpotomy was reported as a treatment strategy by 20% of USA and 16% of UK respondents, though a larger proportion expressed willingness to consider it as a definitive option (USA: 47%; UK: 87%).

Conclusion: This preliminary study highlights the growing interest in therapeutic pulpotomy as a definitive treatment for teeth with signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis in permanent teeth in primary care. Differences in clinical adoption and attitudes between the USA and UK suggest opportunities for further research, education, and implementation support to facilitate the integration of vital pulp therapies into routine practice.

Background: Drug-induced tongue discoloration can impact quality of life but remain under-recognized. While several antimicrobials are implicated, comprehensive signals across many drug classes remain poorly characterized.

Methods: Reports of tongue discoloration, strawberry tongue, and black hairy tongue were extracted from the USFDA Adverse Event Reporting System from 2004 to 2024. Disproportionality analysis was conducted using reporting odds ratio, proportional reporting ratio, Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, and multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker to detect associations between implicated drugs and tongue conditions.

Results: A total of 2352 reports were analyzed. Drugs consistently associated with tongue discoloration by both frequentist and Bayesian analyses included clarithromycin, metronidazole, linezolid, amoxicillin, and fluticasone. Flucloxacillin and immunoglobulin G emerged as risks for strawberry tongue. Meclizine showed a signal for black hairy tongue across methods, whereas other drugs appeared risk factors using only frequentist tests. Demographic patterns varied by condition.

Conclusion: This comprehensive signal detection revealed several high-priority drug-tongue condition associations using large-scale pharmacovigilance data. Findings carry implications for guiding clinical practice through enhancing adverse effect monitoring for high-risk medications. Priority signals merit validation through further research to optimize benefit-risk assessment and reduce preventable tongue disorders.

Introduction: Concern about the environmental impact of dental restorative materials has grown in recent years. The most common material for dental restorations has historically been amalgam, but this has seen a decline due to concerns about the health and environmental impact of mercury. Alternative dental restorative materials include resin-based composite (RBC) and glass-ionomer cement (GIC), but both have uncertain environmental impacts. This systematic review aimed to compare the environmental impact of dental amalgam versus other restorative materials used for direct restorations.

Methods: We undertook a systematic review which followed established guidance and prospectively registered our protocol on PROSPERO (CRD42024608563). Searches of bibliographic databases included Environment Complete, GreenFILE, Science Citation Index, CAB Abstracts, MEDLINE and CINAHL. These were supplemented with checking reference lists and forward citation searching of included studies. Retrieved records were screened by two independent reviewers at title and abstract and full text using pre-defined inclusion criteria. Data extraction and quality appraisal were undertaken by one reviewer and checked by a second. Findings were narratively synthesised.

Results: Twenty-one studies (n = 22 study reports) were included. Eleven were in a clinic setting, three were in a lab setting, five were in both clinic and lab settings and two were in a crematorium setting. Six studies included a comparison between different restorative materials, the remainder only measured environmental impact of one material (or multiple without comparison). Some studies were framed as potential environmental impact due to limited data. Materials included dental amalgam, RBC and GIC. Studies were highly heterogenous which limited the scope for synthesis of findings. All materials were associated with environmental impact.

Conclusion: Whilst the evidence included in this review indicates that both amalgam and non-amalgam dental materials are associated with environmental impacts, confidence in these findings is limited due to the heterogeneity of study designs, outcome measures, and limited comparative data. Further research is needed to inform future policies which aim to reduce the environmental impact of restorative dental activities.

Background: Robust oral health data collection in birth cohort studies is needed to understand the oral microbiome in relation to oral and general health.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe the collection of oral health data in toddlers participating in a birth cohort focussing on microbiome development. Hereby, we aim to support the interpretation of variance in microbiome data.

Methods: The Amsterdam Infant Microbiome Study (AIMS, n = ~500) is a longitudinal prospective birth cohort assessing microbiota, general health status, demographics, (oral) health behaviour and dietary behaviour in children from birth up to three years. The Oral Health Study (OHS) is a sub-study of AIMS, assessing the oral health of children and their mothers. From the mothers, data on periodontal health (clinical attachment loss, gingival bleeding), oral hygiene (dental plaque, calculus) and dental caries (DMFS) is collected. In children, data on caries prevalence (ICDAS) and infection (pufa), oral hygiene (dental plaque, calculus), Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA), oromuscular function, and bitter taste sensitivity are collected.

Results: Enrolment in OHS started in October 2022 and is planned to continue up to December 2028. In October 2024, 64 mother-child pairs were enroled in the study.

Conclusions: Data collection is expected to be completed by January 2028. Results will be shared at international conferences and via peer-reviewed publications.

Introduction: Residual microorganisms may remain even after thorough mechanical cavity preparation, leading to secondary caries. Additionally, the smear layer generated during this process can impair the adhesion between composite resin and dentine and limit the penetration of disinfectants into dentinal tubules. This study aimed to compare the effects of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 980 nm diode laser, and Er:YAG laser as cavity disinfectants on dentine morphology, mineral content, and microleakage of composite restorations.

Materials and methods: Forty extracted sound human primary molars were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10): Group I (negative control, no disinfection), Group II (2% CHX application), Group III (980 nm diode laser, 1 W, continuous wave), and Group IV (Er:YAG laser, 1.2 W). Dentine morphology and restoration microleakage were examined via Scanning Electron Microscopy: (SEM), while mineral content was evaluated using Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS).

Results: SEM analysis showed that CHX (Group II) left smear layer residues with narrowed tubules, while the diode laser (Group III) partially removed the smear layer. Er:YAG laser (Group IV) resulted in complete smear layer removal, wider tubules. EDS revealed significantly higher mineral content (Ca, P and Ca/P ratio)in Group IV compared to Groups II and group III (p < 0.001), with no significant difference between Groups II and III. Microleakage was highest in the control group and lowest in the Er:YAG group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The Er:YAG laser showed enhanced outcomes in improving dentine morphology, increasing mineral content, and minimizing microleakage, making it the most effective disinfectant tested.

Objective: Breathing patterns and their influence on craniofacial growth and development have remained a subject of debate within orthodontics and otolaryngology. In this study, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was employed to analyze and compare airway morphology and airflow dynamics between individuals with normal nasal breathing and those with varying degrees of nasal obstruction.

Materials and methods: A total of five patients aged 18 to 28 years were selected for the study, comprising four individuals with varying degrees of nasal obstruction and one asymptomatic nasal breather, as verified by prior clinical evaluation from an otorhinolaryngologist. The samples were categorized into three groups: (1) nasal breathers with no anatomical abnormalities, (2) mouth breathers with septal deviation, and (3) predominant mouth breathers with nasal polyposis. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans were utilized for airway segmentation and subsequent CFD analysis. Key parameters like airflow patterns, velocity distribution, WSS, and airway resistance were evaluated at multiple sites within the pharyngeal airway.

Results: The analysis revealed a non-uniform velocity distribution within the pharyngeal airway, influenced by anatomical variations in the nasal cavity. Flow parameters, including velocity streamlines, velocity contours, WSS, and pressure drop, varied notably across different grades of nasal obstruction.

Conclusion: The observed airflow characteristics offer valuable insights into the combined effects of physiological and pathological breathing on airway dynamics. The airflow patterns identified in this study confirm the presence of altered airflow in obstructed nasal airways. Flow parameters, such as velocity streamlines, which illustrate the trajectory of air through the nasal cavity, may serve as supportive indicators for clinical symptoms such as anosmia. The non-invasive nature of CFD allows for a realistic assessment of airway flow behaviour.

Introduction: Preclinical dental training requires extensive feedback and repetition, which traditional manikin exercises often lack. Adapt VR is a cost-effective, immersive system that delivers interactive, adaptive training with real-time feedback.

Methods: This comparative study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Adapt VR system in preclinical training. A total of 126 third-year dental students were randomly assigned to an Adapt VR Group 1 (n = 63), acquiring VR learning experience before practicing on laboratory simulators, or a control group (n = 63) who started their training on simulators directly. After practising Class I and II cavity preparations, laboratory performance was scored with a standard rubric; VR participants also completed a post-training questionnaire.

Results: The VR group achieved a higher mean laboratory score (6.31) than controls (3.93; p < 0.001). Within the VR cohort no significant difference emerged between Class I and II scores (p = 0.16). Simulator averages were 81.5 for Class I and 79.4 for Class II. Most VR trainees reported increased confidence and an enhanced learning experience.

Conclusions: Iintegrating the Adapt VR system into preclinical dental education significantly enhances students' skill acquisition and self-confidence compared to conventional manikin-based training.

Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health issue and leading cause of early death for women in Australia and internationally. Implementation of Domestic Violence Routine Screening (DVRS) in public health settings has been found as an effective way to identify IPV and offer support.

Aims and setting: To evaluate DVRS implementation in adult and paediatric clinics of a public dental hospital in Sydney, Australia, from January 2023 until February 2024.

Design: Prospective clinical study where eligible women were screened for IPV using a tool adapted from standardised screening tools for use across multiple public health services.

Materials and methods: Demographic, medical, dental, psycho-social data and emergency department presentations were analysed from health records.

Results: The study clinics cared for 10,197 women and 5597 carers over 13-months. In the 6-months post implementation, IPV disclosure increased by 529% (7-44 cases). By month 13, the IPV disclosure rate was 11% (n = 85). Screening did not impede the dental appointment. All women who disclosed IPV were offered referral to support and 36 women (42%) accepted.

Conclusion: DVRS implementation resulted in an IPV disclosure rate comparable to other public health services where DVRS is mandatory. Public dental services can play an important role in screening and supporting women who have or are experiencing IPV.