BDJ Open最新文献

Background: Compare the remineralization efficiency of Ginger, Ashwaghanda and Maca dentifrices versus commercially fluoride containing dentifrice.

Methods: Ginger, Ashwaghanda and Maca extracts were prepared by solvent extraction methodology and were characterized using transmission electron microscope, dynamic light scattering, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. The pH of the dentifrices was evaluated by pH meter. Eighty teeth were collected and divided into five groups according to the treatment protocol. Enamel morphology was carried out by scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy for the analysis of calcium, phosphorus, Ca/P ratio and carbon. Surface microhardness was evaluated by Vickers micro-hardness tester. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test (p ≤ 0.05).

Results: Characterization results showed the highest calcium, phosphorus and fluoride ion release were associated to Maca, Ashwaganda and Ginger respectively. The pH results revealed that Ginger dentifrice exhibited the most alkaline pH, whereas Ashwaganda dentifrice exhibited the most acidic pH. Morphological analysis revealed that Ashwaganda showed lower remineralization ability compared to the other treated groups. Maca showed significant higher Ca/P ratio compared to other groups (p < 0.001) and Ginger showed significant higher surface microhardness recovery compared to Ashwaganda (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Ginger and Maca are promising remineralizing agents.

Objectives: The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate the impact of bone-related factors such as initial bone height (IBH), imaginary pixel unit (IPU), bone diameter (BD), crestal cortical thickness (CCT), and sinus floor thickness (SFT) in transalveolar sinus lift procedures using threaded bone expanders without bone graft materials.

Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out on patients who had reported to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery at Tishreen University between January 2018 and June 2024. The sample consisted of patients who had transalveolar sinus lift using motorized threaded bone expanders with simultaneous hybrid dental implants placement without bone graft materials. The bone-related factors, including initial bone height (IBH), imaginary pixel unit (IPU), bone diameter (BD), crestal cortical thickness (CCT), and sinus floor thickness (SFT) were analyzed using CBCT scans that were taken preoperatively. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the relationship of the factors and insertion torque of the dental implant. The statistical analysis includes descriptive statistics for all variables mentioned. A Uni-variate linear regression (Spearman's correlation) and multivariate linear regression were performed to assess the relation between Insertion torque and the explanatory variables. The p values < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. The Newey West correction for heteroskedasticity was applied.

Results: In this retrospective study, 124 hybrid implants (cylindrical in coronal section and conical in apical section) were placed in 113 patients (53 males and 60 females) in the posterior region of the maxilla in conjunction with transalveolar sinus lift. In the Uni-variate analysis, we observed a strong positive correlation between IT and IPU, a weak positive correlation between IT and SFT, and between IT and CCT. There was no correlation found between IT and IBH, as well as between IT and BD. Through multivariate analysis, we found that IPU and CCT were associated with higher values of IT, whereas IBH, BD, and SFT were not significantly associated with the value of insertion torque.

Conclusions: Our study indicates that, within its limitations, insertion torque values in transalveolar sinus lift procedures using threaded bone expanders and hybrid implants are primarily influenced by cortical bone thickness and imaginary pixel unit, while factors such as sinus floor thickness, initial bone height, and bone diameter do not significantly affect these values.

Objective: The aim of this work was to study the mechanical, degradation behavior and bioactivity of porous magnesium-based scaffolds alloyed with zinc and hydroxyapatite, fabricated using two different types of space holding agents and a modified powder metallurgy route.

Methods: Powder particles of magnesium, zinc, hydroxyapatite (HA) and spacers were mixed, then mixtures were divided into 6 groups: IA (urea/0%HA), IB (urea/5%HA), IC (urea/7.5%HA), IIA (ammonium bicarbonate/0%HA), IIB (ammonium bicarbonate/5%HA) and IIC (ammonium bicarbonate/7.5%HA). A modified powder metallurgy route was used to fabricate the composites. Porosity analysis and microstructural characterization using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX), and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD) were done. Evaluation of mechanical properties, in-vitro degradation rate in simulated body fluid (SBF) and in-vitro bioactivity using SEM and XRD were done. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way and three-way repeated ANOVA tests.

Results: All scaffolds were found to be highly porous. Significant differences were observed regarding mechanical properties, degradation rate and concentration of magnesium released during degradation (P  < 0.0001). The results showed that group IIB had the lowest strength and fastest corrosion rate, while IB had the highest strength and elastic modulus and the slowest corrosion rate among all groups. Bioactivity evaluation revealed extensive formation of calcium phosphate crystals and precipitations covering the scaffolds' surfaces.

Conclusion: This study showed that using up to 5% HA as a reinforcing element with moderate compaction pressure and urea as a space holding agent can result in the fabrication of magnesium scaffolds suitable for orthopedic applications.

Introduction: This cross-sectional study examines whether the assumption that diastemas of 1 mm or greater are un-attractive is true in a Black West-African population, and identifies the determinants of attractiveness.

Methods: A structured questionnaire was self-administered to adult participants, who rated digitally altered full-face colour photographs of a male and female model with diastema widths of 0-6 mm on a 5-point Likert scale. Quantitative data was analysed using SAS® (version 9.4) and SPSS® (version 26). Qualitative data was analysed with thematic analysis.

Results: 375 participants completed the questionnaire (51% female, 48% male, 1% preferred not to disclose) with a modal age of 25-34. 65% of participants found maxillary midline diastema esthetic and/or desirable, with 63% of those with diastemas choosing to have no treatment, and the desire to have treatment decreasing with increasing age (p = 0.012). No smile was perceived to be unattractive, however female smiles were rated more favourably (p < 0.001) and increasing diastema width correlated with a decreasing attractiveness especially for diastemas wider than 3 mm in females and 2 mm in males. Diastema width, the gender of the model, and whether or not the participant had a diastema themselves was shown to impact perceptions of attractiveness in a multi-variable analysis.

Conclusion: There is limited evidence to support the position that MMDs over 1 mm are not attractive in this population. Diastemas of ≤3 mm in females and ≤2 mm in males are considered attractive. In addition gender, diastema width, and an individual's own diastema (or absence thereof) impact perceived attractiveness.

Introduction: Computed tomography (CT) images can provide information about anatomical structures and pathological processes in ancient skulls. A previous study on the teeth and jaws of 171 individuals in a late Swedish Viking age population, dating around the 10^th-12^th century made clinical examinations that included intraoral radiographs. Current explorative study examined a subset of this population using CT with the aim to investigate if this method could provide additional information about the studied subjects.

Materials and method: The skulls of 15 Viking-era individuals were examined with CT. Two specialists in oral and maxillofacial radiology and one general dentist examined the images together, performing the diagnostics and interpretated the results.

Results: Findings included signs of pathological conditions of the teeth; of the alveolar, mandibular, maxillary and auricular bone; and of the paranasal sinuses and temporomandibular joints. These findings indicated the presence of both clinically detectable conditions, such as dental caries, periodontal disease, periapical destructions and remodelling of the caput mandibulae, but also additional findings such as sclerotization of the mastoid process, infection-induced periosteal bone deposition, and signs of sinusitis.

Conclusion: CT investigation of skeletal remains from an early Christian community in the Viking era in Sweden indicated that the population suffered from numerous orofacial pathologies, including dental disease, sinusitis, otitis, and various infections. The current study, using CT as an investigation method of skeletal remains, indicated that this method could identify conditions that might be difficult to find through ocular inspection. Conclusively, CT is suggested to be an important non-invasive method when used in combination with other examination methods, possibly providing additional information about archeological human remains. Further studies on similar samples are suggested to examine this further.

Introduction: Tooth extraction is one of the clinical internship requirements in Japan. Human posture during tooth extraction is important since poor posture can cause failure of the safe operation and musculoskeletal injuries. Only a few studies aimed to evaluate the posture, but most of them used manual or complex measurement methods which can lead to some inconvenient problems such as subjective biases, quantitativeness, and device availability. Thanks to the recent advancement of computer vision and technology, pose estimation has been widely used for kinematic analysis. However, none of the research has been used for posture analysis during tooth extraction.

Aim: Therefore, this research aims to analyze posture kinematics during tooth extraction using pose estimation and find key kinematic variables for tooth extraction.

Method: All participants were grouped into three; dental students, young dentists, and experienced dentists. They were asked to perform tooth extraction on a tooth extraction simulator while being video recorded. Pose estimation was used to extract joint locations on recorded videos. Joint angles of interest were calculated based on the extracted joint locations.

Results: Right shoulder angles were significantly lower in the experienced dentists' group than in other groups, DISCUSSION: Which has been pointed out by other research as a crucial point.

Conclusion: Although sample size is a main concern in this study, the result shows that pose estimation can be useful in posture analysis during tooth extraction.

Background: The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has one of the highest maternal and neonatal mortality rates in Africa. There is a growing body of evidence about the relationship between poor oral health and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, there is a lack of information about oral health status during pregnancy in the DRC. This study aimed to identify the factors related to the utilization of oral health care services among pregnant women.

Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in four health facilities representing each administrative district of the city of Kinshasa, between March and May, 2021. The study population comprised pregnant women aged at least 18 or over attending antenatal care (ANC), selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with the outcome variable using the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and p value  <  0.05.

Results: A total of 5% of the 500 pregnant women who participated in the study were identified as users of oral healthcare services. 15% of pregnant women were aware of the necessity of oral health care during pregnancy, while 58% indicated that dental visits for routine and/or treatment purposes were not a priority during pregnancy. Factors associated with its utilization were knowledge of the need for oral health care during pregnancy (AOR:3.62, 95% CI: 1.42-9.26), knowledge of the importance of routine visits or dental treatment for oral diseases during pregnancy (AOR: 4.94, 95% CI: 1.70-16.73), and having experience oral health problem during the current pregnancy (AOR: 3.13, 95% CI: 1.22-8.21).

Conclusion: The utilization of oral health care services during pregnancy is very low. Appropriate public health initiatives are urgently needed to facilitate collaboration between health professionals to integrate oral and dental consultations, oral health counseling, and check-ups as an essential component of routine ANC.

Objectives: The present study aimed to assess parental acceptance of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) treatment for dental caries in children in Najaf city, Iraq.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was used, involving 670 parents of children aged 6-7 years from primary schools in Najaf city, Iraq, during the academic year 2023-2024. The participants were selected via a multistage random sampling method. A structured questionnaire was administered to gather the participants' views on tooth staining caused by SDF application to cavitated teeth. Statistical procedures included descriptive analysis, chi-square tests, and ordinal logistic regression.

Results: In total, 670 parents were recruited for this study. The mean age of the participants was 34.47 ± 8.2 Approximately half of the respondents were male and aged 31-50 years, and approximately three-fourths of the parents reported having a low education level and were in the low-income category. Parental acceptance of SDF treatment was greater for posterior teeth, with 51.2% agreeing, and 24.2% strongly agree. For anterior teeth, acceptance was lower, with only 23.3% agreeing and 10.7% strongly agreeing. Parental age (p = 0.008), education level (p < 0.001), and income (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with acceptance of SDF treatment for posterior teeth. However, for anterior teeth, parental education (p < 0.001) and income (p = 0.029) were significantly associated with acceptance of SDF treatment.

Conclusion: Parents showed high acceptance of SDF treatment, particularly for posterior teeth, although concerns about aesthetics affected their views of anterior teeth. Improving parents' awareness and addressing their apprehensions could increase the adoption of this evidence-based caries management approach for children.