Biochar: Black Gold for Sustainable Agriculture and Fortification Against Plant Pathogens—A Review

IF 2.4 3区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Gesunde Pflanzen Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI:10.1007/s10343-023-00952-y
Usman Arshad, Muhammad Tanveer Altaf, Waqas Liaqat, Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Nadeem Shah, Muhammad Jabran, Muhammad Amjad Ali
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Abstract

To support the search for alternate chemical-free strategies to enhance plant growth and control plant diseases, we present an overview of the potential use of Biochar (BC) a product synthesized through pyrolysis from organic and agricultural waste used as a soil amendment, in suppressing broad range plant pathogens. A broad-spectrum BC effect contributes to the control of soil and foliar pathogens by altering the root exudates mechanism of the host plant, soil health and nutrient mobilization that affect the colonization of antagonistic microorganisms. Induction of plant defense mechanism by adding BC in potting medium to reduce foliar pathogens by the activation of defensive responses and induction of reactive oxygen species signaling in the plant system. Although few reports have been found for controlling oomycetes, viruses and bacterial pathogens through the application of BC, reports indicated that adding BC has potentially changed the soil microbiota colonization which contributes to disease suppression. BC also controls nematodes and harmful insects of plants. In addition, the main mechanisms of action for plant parasitic nematodes are changes in soil structure and could increase the biocontrol microorganism in the rhizosphere which resists nematodes colonizing and penetrating the plant system. Using BC-based amendments is a promising strategy with a carbon sequestration strategy, created on zero waste, as part of the integrated management of pathogens and parasites. Comprehensively, it is needed to be standardized the dosage and feedstock of BC in terms of sustainable production and disease control.

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生物炭:可持续农业和植物病原体强化剂的黑金--综述
为了支持寻找替代性无化学药剂策略来促进植物生长和控制植物病害,我们概述了生物炭(BC)在抑制多种植物病原体方面的潜在用途,生物炭是利用有机废物和农业废弃物热解合成的产品,可用作土壤改良剂。生物炭的广谱效应通过改变寄主植物的根系渗出机制、影响拮抗微生物定殖的土壤健康和养分调动,有助于控制土壤和叶面病原体。在盆栽介质中添加萃取物诱导植物防御机制,通过激活防御反应和诱导植物系统中的活性氧信号来减少叶面病原体。虽然通过施用萃取物控制卵菌、病毒和细菌病原体的报道很少,但有报道指出,添加萃取物有可能改变土壤微生物群的定植,从而有助于抑制病害。萃取物还能控制线虫和对植物有害的昆虫。此外,植物寄生线虫的主要作用机制是改变土壤结构,并可增加根瘤层中的生物控制微生物,从而抵御线虫定殖和渗透植物系统。作为病原体和寄生虫综合治理的一部分,使用以 BC 为基础的改良剂是一项很有前景的战略,它具有碳固存战略,可实现零浪费。从可持续生产和病害控制的角度来看,需要对 BC 的用量和原料进行全面标准化。
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来源期刊
Gesunde Pflanzen
Gesunde Pflanzen 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
25.80%
发文量
152
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Gesunde Pflanzen publiziert praxisbezogene Beiträge zum Pflanzenschutz in Landwirtschaft, Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau und öffentlichem Grün und seinen Bezügen zum Umwelt- und Verbraucherschutz sowie zu Rechtsfragen. Das Themenspektrum reicht von der Bestimmung der Schadorganismen über Maßnahmen und Verfahren zur Minderung des Befallsrisikos bis hin zur Entwicklung und Anwendung nicht-chemischer und chemischer Bekämpfungsstrategien und -verfahren, aber auch zu Fragen der Auswirkungen des Pflanzenschutzes auf die Umwelt, die Sicherung der Ernährung sowie zu allgemeinen Fragen wie Nutzen und Risiken und zur Entwicklung neuer Technologien. Jedes Heft enthält Originalbeiträge renommierter Wissenschaftler, aktuelle Informationen von Verbänden sowie aus der Industrie, Pressemitteilungen und Personalia. Damit bietet die Zeitschrift vor allem Behörden und Anwendern im Agrarsektor und Verbraucherschutz fundierte Praxisunterstützung auf wissenschaftlichem Niveau.
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