Geomagnetic Storm Effects on the LEO Proton Flux During Solar Energetic Particle Events

IF 3.7 2区 地球科学 Space Weather Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI:10.1029/2023sw003664
Kirolosse M. Girgis, Tohru Hada, Akimasa Yoshikawa, Shuichi Matsukiyo, Viviane Pierrard, Susan W. Samwel
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Abstract

During a few solar energetic particle (SEP) events, solar protons were trapped within the geomagnetic field and reached the outer edge of the inner radiation belt. We reproduced this phenomenon by modeling the proton flux distribution at the Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) for different geomagnetic conditions during solar particle events. We developed a three-dimensional relativistic test particle simulation code to compute the 70–180 MeV solar proton Lorentz trajectories in low L-shell range from 1 to 3. The Tsyganenko model (T01) generated the background static magnetic field with the IGRF (v12) model. We have selected three Dst index values: −7, −150, and −210 nT, to define quiet time, strong, and severe geomagnetic storms and to generate the corresponding inner magnetic field configurations. Our results showed that the simulated solar proton flux was more enhanced in the high-latitude regions and more expanded toward the lower latitude range as long as the geomagnetic storm was intensified. Satellite observations and geomagnetic cutoff rigidities confirmed the numerical results. Furthermore, the LEO proton flux distribution was deformed, so the structure of the proton flux inside the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) became longitudinally extended as the Dst index decreased. Moreover, we have assessed the corresponding radiation environment of the LEO mission. We realized that, for a higher inclined LEO mission during an intense geomagnetic storm (Dst = −210 nT), the probability of the occurrence of the Single Event Upset (SEU) rates increased by 19% and the estimated accumulated absorbed radiation doses increased by 17% in comparison with quiet conditions.
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太阳高能粒子事件期间地磁风暴对低地球轨道质子通量的影响
在几次太阳高能粒子(SEP)事件中,太阳质子被困在地磁场内,并到达了内辐射带的外缘。我们通过模拟太阳粒子事件期间不同地磁条件下低地轨道(LEO)的质子通量分布,再现了这一现象。我们开发了一个三维相对论测试粒子模拟代码,以计算低 L 壳范围从 1 到 3 的 70-180 MeV 太阳质子洛伦兹轨迹。我们选择了三个 Dst 指数值:我们选择了三个 Dst 指数值:-7、-150 和 -210 nT,来定义静止时间、强地磁暴和严重地磁暴,并生成相应的内磁场配置。结果表明,只要地磁暴加强,模拟的太阳质子通量在高纬度地区就会增强,并向低纬度范围扩展。卫星观测和地磁截止刚度证实了数值结果。此外,低地轨道质子通量分布发生了变形,因此随着 Dst 指数的降低,南大西洋异常(SAA)内部的质子通量结构变得纵向延伸。此外,我们还评估了低地轨道任务的相应辐射环境。我们意识到,在强烈地磁暴期间(Dst = -210nT),对于倾斜度较大的低地球轨道飞行任务来说,与安静状态相比,发生单次事件骤变(SEU)的概率增加了 19%,估计的累积吸收辐射剂量增加了 17%。
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