{"title":"Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of fine particulate matter (PM2.5): a polluted city experiencing Middle East dust events","authors":"Fatemeh Zahra Tavangar, Ziba Javeri, Mahnaz Nikaeen, Maryam sharafi, Farzaneh Mohammadi, Hossein Karimi, Amir Hossein Nafez","doi":"10.1007/s11869-023-01480-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exposure to air pollutants especially fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) poses serious risks to human health including cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. However, depending on the meteorological conditions and emission sources, chemical composition of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and consequently related adverse health effects may vary in different locations. In this study, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of water-soluble and organic fraction of ambient air PM<sub>2.5</sub> of Isfahan city, Iran, were evaluated using the MTT and comet assay, respectively. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as important toxic agents of organic fraction of particles were also determined. The results showed that both fraction of PM<sub>2.5</sub> especially organic fraction induce cytotoxic and genotoxic effects at tested concentrations. Analysis of PAHs showed a concentration of 1.5–18.6 ng/m<sup>3</sup> of total PAHs and 0.99–11.2 ng/m<sup>3</sup> for carcinogenic PAHs, respectively, with an important role on the toxic effect of PM<sub>2.5</sub> organic fraction. Overall, our results showed a considerable cytotoxic effect (0–64%) of organic fraction of fine particles at all times of the year which may be related to the vehicular emission. In addition, the results showed more cytotoxicity of water-soluble fraction of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in dust events. The results of study highlight the need to reduce PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution especially through controlling of PAH emission sources such as vehicles. However, further research is needed to improve our knowledge about the PM chemical composition and related emission sources to manage air pollution-associated health effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"17 4","pages":"789 - 798"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-023-01480-4","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Exposure to air pollutants especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5) poses serious risks to human health including cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. However, depending on the meteorological conditions and emission sources, chemical composition of PM2.5 and consequently related adverse health effects may vary in different locations. In this study, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of water-soluble and organic fraction of ambient air PM2.5 of Isfahan city, Iran, were evaluated using the MTT and comet assay, respectively. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as important toxic agents of organic fraction of particles were also determined. The results showed that both fraction of PM2.5 especially organic fraction induce cytotoxic and genotoxic effects at tested concentrations. Analysis of PAHs showed a concentration of 1.5–18.6 ng/m3 of total PAHs and 0.99–11.2 ng/m3 for carcinogenic PAHs, respectively, with an important role on the toxic effect of PM2.5 organic fraction. Overall, our results showed a considerable cytotoxic effect (0–64%) of organic fraction of fine particles at all times of the year which may be related to the vehicular emission. In addition, the results showed more cytotoxicity of water-soluble fraction of PM2.5 in dust events. The results of study highlight the need to reduce PM2.5 pollution especially through controlling of PAH emission sources such as vehicles. However, further research is needed to improve our knowledge about the PM chemical composition and related emission sources to manage air pollution-associated health effects.
期刊介绍：
Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health is a multidisciplinary journal which, by its very name, illustrates the broad range of work it publishes and which focuses on atmospheric consequences of human activities and their implications for human and ecological health.
It offers research papers, critical literature reviews and commentaries, as well as special issues devoted to topical subjects or themes.
International in scope, the journal presents papers that inform and stimulate a global readership, as the topic addressed are global in their import. Consequently, we do not encourage submission of papers involving local data that relate to local problems. Unless they demonstrate wide applicability, these are better submitted to national or regional journals.
Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health addresses such topics as acid precipitation; airborne particulate matter; air quality monitoring and management; exposure assessment; risk assessment; indoor air quality; atmospheric chemistry; atmospheric modeling and prediction; air pollution climatology; climate change and air quality; air pollution measurement; atmospheric impact assessment; forest-fire emissions; atmospheric science; greenhouse gases; health and ecological effects; clean air technology; regional and global change and satellite measurements.
This journal benefits a diverse audience of researchers, public health officials and policy makers addressing problems that call for solutions based in evidence from atmospheric and exposure assessment scientists, epidemiologists, and risk assessors. Publication in the journal affords the opportunity to reach beyond defined disciplinary niches to this broader readership.
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