Evaluation of Approaches for Correcting the State of Animals under Debilitating Physical Exertion by Cellular and Genetic Biomarkers

Abstract

In this work, we investigate the effect of a number of pharmaceutical preparations on the expression of genes, which are used as molecular targets under the conditions of debilitating physical exercise in minipigs. In the conducted experiment, the effectiveness of the following preparations was compared: “Mio-Activ-Sport” dietary supplement, a liposomal deer musk extract, intranasal insulin, and a liposomal ginseng preparation. The selected biomarkers included the leukocyte blood fraction and mRNA expression of NFE2L2 and HMGB1 genes in lymphocytes. Among the studied preparations, the liposomal deer musk extract showed the highest effectiveness. Thus, during seven days of therapy, this preparation almost completely prevented the pro-inflammatory effect of physical load. At the same time, the liposomal deer musk extract led to a manyfold increase in the expression of NFE2L2 gene, which is responsible for antioxidant defense of the organism. In terms of action, the liposomal deer musk extract outperformed insulin – the reference drug, whose protective effects are well known from the scientific literature. These findings confirm the prospects of deer musk preparations for medical rehabilitation.