The Potential of Polysaccharides from Various Plants as Constipation Treatment

Yuli Perwita Sari, Dipta Bthari Candraruna
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Abstract

Constipation is one of the disorders of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Lack of consumption of water and food with fiber are some of the causes of constipation. Treatment for constipation patients can be solved by administering laxatives through drugs (pharmaceuticals) or using polysaccharide parts from plants. There are at least three types of laxatives: bulking agents (having the ability to bulk up), osmotic agents, and stimulants. Polysaccharides can be sourced from whole or some parts of the plants. Each type of plant has different polysaccharide components, and their effects on constipation treatment are also specific. The study aimed to review the mechanisms of polysaccharides from various plants parts and explained the misconception of polysaccharide intake as a laxative agent in treating constipation. This review was based on literature studies related to polysaccharides from plants materials and their effects as laxatives in experimental animals. The review found that these polysaccharides have a positive effect as a laxative or digestive aid. In general, polysaccharides from several plants were extracted and characterized to be used as anti-constipation test materials. These polysaccharides can help increase the amount, weight, and water content of feces (bulk), increase peristalsis, speed up gastric emptying and transit time, as well as restore hormones that work in movement in the digestive tract, and improve the condition of the distal colon tissue. These studies are still limited to using animals as experimental test material in polysaccharides to treat constipation. In addition, it has the potential to be further explored regarding the possibility of clinical trials of polysaccharides in humans as laxatives.
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各种植物多糖治疗便秘的潜力
便秘是肠易激综合征(IBS)的症状之一。缺乏水和含纤维食物的摄入是便秘的一些原因。便秘患者的治疗可以通过给药(药物)或使用植物的多糖部分来解决。至少有三种类型的泻药:膨胀剂(有膨胀的能力),渗透剂和兴奋剂。多糖可以从整个植物或部分植物中提取。每种类型的植物都有不同的多糖成分,它们对便秘的治疗效果也有特异性。本研究旨在综述不同植物部位多糖的作用机制,并解释多糖摄入作为通便剂治疗便秘的误解。本文对植物多糖及其在实验动物中的泻药作用进行了综述。审查发现,这些多糖有积极的作用,作为泻药或消化助剂。一般来说,从几种植物中提取多糖,并对其进行表征,以作为抗便秘的试验材料。这些多糖可以帮助增加粪便的数量、重量和含水量(体积),增加蠕动,加快胃排空和运输时间,并恢复在消化道运动中起作用的激素,改善结肠远端组织的状况。这些研究仍然局限于用动物作为多糖治疗便秘的实验材料。此外,多糖作为人类泻药的临床试验的可能性还有待进一步探索。
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