Arthropods and the skin

Abstract

Arthropods are responsible for most of the animal-related emergency room visits each year, and nonvenomous arthropods cause the greatest number of animal-related deaths in the emergency setting. Physicians should recognize the sequela of common and lethal arthropod bites and stings as they can range from asymptomatic or mild pruritus to fatal anaphylactic reactions. This chapter provides an update on recent advancements in the dermatological manifestations, pathophysiology, and management of conditions caused by arthropod bites and stings. Key topics include emerging treatments for pediculosis, characteristic rashes of mosquito-borne viral diseases, cutaneous lesions in Chagas disease, new Lyme disease vaccine development, topical Spinosad for scabies, and Loxosceles venom composition and early use of antivenom. Recent research reveals progress in understanding arthropod-related dermatologic diseases but also persistent knowledge gaps in the literature. This focused update delivers a concise overview of current concepts and developments at the intersection of arthropods and dermatology for clinicians.