Kathleen Ward, Daniela Rizzo, Valerie Foy, Zelma Chiesa Fuxench
Background
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disorder that often begins in early childhood and significantly impacts quality of life. While traditional management has centered on topical corticosteroids, emollients, and calcineurin inhibitors, the therapeutic landscape has rapidly expanded to include systemic immunomodulators, biologics, and targeted small molecules. This literature review aims to compare the efficacy and safety of traditional therapies with emerging treatment options for pediatric AD.
Methods
A PubMed search identified articles on novel and traditional AD therapies in children ≤ 18 years in terms of safety and efficacy.
Results
Topical corticosteroids and emollients remain first-line therapies for mild-to-moderate disease, with demonstrated efficacy in reducing inflammation and restoring skin barrier function. Calcineurin inhibitors offer a steroid-sparing alternative. Newer topical agents like crisaborole (PDE4 inhibitor) and ruxolitinib (JAK1/2 inhibitor) provide targeted anti-inflammatory effects with favorable safety profiles. For moderate-to-severe or refractory cases, systemic therapies—including cyclosporine, methotrexate, and the IL-4Rα antagonist dupilumab—offer robust disease control.
Conclusion
While newer therapies demonstrate promising efficacy and tolerability, long-term safety data in pediatric populations are still evolving. Treatment decisions should be individualized based on disease severity, age, comorbidities, and caregiver preferences. This review synthesizes current evidence to guide clinicians in selecting safe and effective therapies for childhood AD across the disease spectrum. The evidence base for pediatric AD is relatively limited, with much of the available data extrapolated from adult populations. Many trials were short-term, which does not fully capture the chronic relapsing nature of AD or the long-term safety of emerging therapies.
{"title":"Novel Treatments Compared to Traditional Therapies in Managing Childhood Eczema in Terms of Efficacy and Safety","authors":"Kathleen Ward, Daniela Rizzo, Valerie Foy, Zelma Chiesa Fuxench","doi":"10.1002/der2.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disorder that often begins in early childhood and significantly impacts quality of life. While traditional management has centered on topical corticosteroids, emollients, and calcineurin inhibitors, the therapeutic landscape has rapidly expanded to include systemic immunomodulators, biologics, and targeted small molecules. This literature review aims to compare the efficacy and safety of traditional therapies with emerging treatment options for pediatric AD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A PubMed search identified articles on novel and traditional AD therapies in children ≤ 18 years in terms of safety and efficacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Topical corticosteroids and emollients remain first-line therapies for mild-to-moderate disease, with demonstrated efficacy in reducing inflammation and restoring skin barrier function. Calcineurin inhibitors offer a steroid-sparing alternative. Newer topical agents like crisaborole (PDE4 inhibitor) and ruxolitinib (JAK1/2 inhibitor) provide targeted anti-inflammatory effects with favorable safety profiles. For moderate-to-severe or refractory cases, systemic therapies—including cyclosporine, methotrexate, and the IL-4Rα antagonist dupilumab—offer robust disease control.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While newer therapies demonstrate promising efficacy and tolerability, long-term safety data in pediatric populations are still evolving. Treatment decisions should be individualized based on disease severity, age, comorbidities, and caregiver preferences. This review synthesizes current evidence to guide clinicians in selecting safe and effective therapies for childhood AD across the disease spectrum. The evidence base for pediatric AD is relatively limited, with much of the available data extrapolated from adult populations. Many trials were short-term, which does not fully capture the chronic relapsing nature of AD or the long-term safety of emerging therapies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/der2.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146099479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To synthesize evidence on nutritional influences and interventions in wound healing, particularly in dermatology and at-risk populations.
Methods
Systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and other databases (2015–2025) using terms like “nutritional deficiencies,” “wound healing,” “dermatologic surgery,” “key nutrients,” and “supplementation.” Included English-language peer-reviewed articles, trials, reviews, and meta-analyses on nutrient roles in healing phases and interventions (oral/topical supplementation, immunonutrition, emerging therapies). Narrative synthesis applied due to heterogeneity.
Results
From PubMed records, 63 studies included after screening. Key nutrients (protein; vitamins A, C, D, E; zinc, copper, iron) support immunity, collagen synthesis, angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization. Deficiencies, common in elderly, diabetic, oncology, and surgical patients, delay healing and raise complications. Targeted interventions show benefits in Mohs surgery, burns, and keloid-prone individuals. Screening tools and dietitian involvement recommended.
Conclusions
Nutrition is a modifiable factor optimizing wound outcomes. Personalized interventions reduce burden; further high-quality trials needed.
{"title":"Nutritional Support and Wound Healing in Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery","authors":"Andrew Pugliese, Valerie Foy","doi":"10.1002/der2.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To synthesize evidence on nutritional influences and interventions in wound healing, particularly in dermatology and at-risk populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and other databases (2015–2025) using terms like “nutritional deficiencies,” “wound healing,” “dermatologic surgery,” “key nutrients,” and “supplementation.” Included English-language peer-reviewed articles, trials, reviews, and meta-analyses on nutrient roles in healing phases and interventions (oral/topical supplementation, immunonutrition, emerging therapies). Narrative synthesis applied due to heterogeneity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From PubMed records, 63 studies included after screening. Key nutrients (protein; vitamins A, C, D, E; zinc, copper, iron) support immunity, collagen synthesis, angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization. Deficiencies, common in elderly, diabetic, oncology, and surgical patients, delay healing and raise complications. Targeted interventions show benefits in Mohs surgery, burns, and keloid-prone individuals. Screening tools and dietitian involvement recommended.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nutrition is a modifiable factor optimizing wound outcomes. Personalized interventions reduce burden; further high-quality trials needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/der2.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146016403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vitiligo affects approximately 0.5%–2% of the global population, with prevalence reaching up to 8.8% in India. The condition's visibility, particularly in darker phototypes, causes considerable psychosocial distress, including anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. Addressing the cosmetic and emotional impact of vitiligo is central to holistic management.
Discussion
A comprehensive literature synthesis was conducted examining cosmetic camouflage, optical correctors, micropigmentation, and advanced techniques such as simulated second skin and melanin-based formulations. The review highlights product types, formulation principles, ingredients, application techniques, and innovations improving durability and patient satisfaction. Camouflage therapy employs high-coverage, waterproof, and skin-safe formulations to mask depigmented lesions, thereby enhancing self-esteem and quality of life. Modern products integrate non-allergenic ingredients and broad-spectrum sunscreens, providing both concealment and photoprotection. Optical correctors are specialized cosmetic formulations based on color theory that neutralize skin tone irregularities and enhance complexion uniformity, by using complementary color. Sunscreens with tinted or hybrid formulations offer dual cosmetic and protective benefits. Micropigmentation provides semi-permanent coverage through intradermal pigment implantation and is especially effective in stable vitiligo. Innovations such as AI-assisted pigment matching, melanin-extracted creams, and simulated second skin technology (e.g., Microskin™) have advanced personalization, adherence, and cosmetic outcomes.
Conclusion
Camouflage therapy and micropigmentation serve as vital adjuncts in vitiligo management, addressing both cosmetic and psychosocial dimensions. Emerging technologies promise improved precision, durability, and patient satisfaction. Incorporating camouflage into patient-centered care enhances confidence, social functioning, and overall quality of life, underscoring its role in comprehensive vitiligo therapy.
{"title":"Camouflage and Cosmetic Innovation: Long-Wear Micropigmentation, Optical Correctors, and Sunscreen Science","authors":"Kanika Sahni, Shreya K. Gowda","doi":"10.1002/der2.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vitiligo affects approximately 0.5%–2% of the global population, with prevalence reaching up to 8.8% in India. The condition's visibility, particularly in darker phototypes, causes considerable psychosocial distress, including anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. Addressing the cosmetic and emotional impact of vitiligo is central to holistic management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive literature synthesis was conducted examining cosmetic camouflage, optical correctors, micropigmentation, and advanced techniques such as simulated second skin and melanin-based formulations. The review highlights product types, formulation principles, ingredients, application techniques, and innovations improving durability and patient satisfaction. Camouflage therapy employs high-coverage, waterproof, and skin-safe formulations to mask depigmented lesions, thereby enhancing self-esteem and quality of life. Modern products integrate non-allergenic ingredients and broad-spectrum sunscreens, providing both concealment and photoprotection. Optical correctors are specialized cosmetic formulations based on color theory that neutralize skin tone irregularities and enhance complexion uniformity, by using complementary color. Sunscreens with tinted or hybrid formulations offer dual cosmetic and protective benefits. Micropigmentation provides semi-permanent coverage through intradermal pigment implantation and is especially effective in stable vitiligo. Innovations such as AI-assisted pigment matching, melanin-extracted creams, and simulated second skin technology (e.g., Microskin™) have advanced personalization, adherence, and cosmetic outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Camouflage therapy and micropigmentation serve as vital adjuncts in vitiligo management, addressing both cosmetic and psychosocial dimensions. Emerging technologies promise improved precision, durability, and patient satisfaction. Incorporating camouflage into patient-centered care enhances confidence, social functioning, and overall quality of life, underscoring its role in comprehensive vitiligo therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/der2.70058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145905183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting disorder characterized by selective melanocyte destruction, leading to visible psychosocial burden and diagnostic challenges. Conventional assessment tools such as VASI and VIDA are semi-quantitative and subjective, with limited reproducibility. Early detection, accurate monitoring, and treatment response prediction remain unmet needs. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising adjunct to enhance diagnostic precision, track disease progression, and forecast therapeutic outcomes.
Methods
A narrative synthesis of recent studies was undertaken, focusing on AI-assisted imaging modalities (clinical photography, dermoscopy, multisource fusion), deep learning algorithms (CNNs, transformers, attention-based models), and explainable AI tools. Primary outcomes included accuracy in diagnosis, reproducibility of progression tracking, and feasibility of treatment response prediction.
Results
AI-based tools demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy (> 90% in several studies) in distinguishing vitiligo from mimickers and in lesion segmentation. Automated progression tracking using serial imaging and OCT improved objectivity over conventional indices. Mobile AI applications enabled remote monitoring with reliable lesion detection. Predictive models integrating clinical, imaging, and laboratory data showed potential for individualized treatment forecasting, particularly for NB-UVB and JAK inhibitors. However, limitations include small, heterogeneous datasets, underrepresentation of skin-of-color, lack of prospective trials, and concerns over model transparency.
Conclusion
AI shows substantial promise in vitiligo by enhancing diagnosis, monitoring progression, and forecasting treatment response. To realize clinical utility, future efforts must address dataset diversity, standardization, explainability, and regulatory validation. AI has the potential to become an effective bedside adjunct for personalized vitiligo management.
{"title":"AI at the Bedside: Automated Diagnosis, Progression Tracking, and Treatment Forecasting in Vitiligo","authors":"Shreya K. Gowda, Keepa Manandhar, Somesh Gupta","doi":"10.1002/der2.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting disorder characterized by selective melanocyte destruction, leading to visible psychosocial burden and diagnostic challenges. Conventional assessment tools such as VASI and VIDA are semi-quantitative and subjective, with limited reproducibility. Early detection, accurate monitoring, and treatment response prediction remain unmet needs. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising adjunct to enhance diagnostic precision, track disease progression, and forecast therapeutic outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A narrative synthesis of recent studies was undertaken, focusing on AI-assisted imaging modalities (clinical photography, dermoscopy, multisource fusion), deep learning algorithms (CNNs, transformers, attention-based models), and explainable AI tools. Primary outcomes included accuracy in diagnosis, reproducibility of progression tracking, and feasibility of treatment response prediction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AI-based tools demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy (> 90% in several studies) in distinguishing vitiligo from mimickers and in lesion segmentation. Automated progression tracking using serial imaging and OCT improved objectivity over conventional indices. Mobile AI applications enabled remote monitoring with reliable lesion detection. Predictive models integrating clinical, imaging, and laboratory data showed potential for individualized treatment forecasting, particularly for NB-UVB and JAK inhibitors. However, limitations include small, heterogeneous datasets, underrepresentation of skin-of-color, lack of prospective trials, and concerns over model transparency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AI shows substantial promise in vitiligo by enhancing diagnosis, monitoring progression, and forecasting treatment response. To realize clinical utility, future efforts must address dataset diversity, standardization, explainability, and regulatory validation. AI has the potential to become an effective bedside adjunct for personalized vitiligo management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/der2.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145572387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Eyebrows (EBs) are essential to facial symmetry, expression, and self-image. EB thinning can negatively impact psychological and social well-being. Mesotherapy (MT) has gained traction as a minimally invasive treatment for hair restoration, yet its impact on eyebrow regeneration and psychosocial outcomes remains under-investigated.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aims</h3> <p>This study assesses the psychological and clinical effects of eyebrow mesotherapy (EB MT) using a growth factor-based serum in individuals with sparse or weakened eyebrows.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Patients/Methods</h3> <p>Thirty-two participants (ages 18–65) underwent three sessions of EB MT at two—to 4-week intervals. Treatment utilized “point by point” and “nappage” injection techniques with growth factor-based serum (GF Advanced Hair Complex+, AQ Skin Solutions Inc., Irvine, CA, USA). This cosmetic-grade formulation contains human fibroblast–conditioned media rich in growth factors and is manufactured under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards and FDA cosmetic compliance. The product was commercially purchased for clinical use, with no manufacturer involvement in study design or data interpretation.” Participants outcomes were evaluated using structured questionnaires measuring social engagement, quality of life, confidence, and mood. In addition, eyebrow width, length, and density were objectively measured across sessions. Statistical analysis was performed using Python (vX.X), applying non-parametric tests.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>EB MT was associated with significant improvements participants' psychosocial scores, with mean values of 7.81 for social engagement, 6.71 for quality of life, 6.09 for confidence, and 6.13 for mood. Due to the ordinal nature of our outcome data (0–10 scales), we employed non-parametric tests. A Spearman's rank correlation revealed a strong association between social engagement and quality of life (<i>ρ</i> = 0.667, <i>p</i> < 0.001), a moderate association between confidence and mood (<i>ρ</i> = 0.471, <i>p</i> < 0.01), and a weak, nonsignificant association between social engagement and confidence (<i>ρ</i> = 0.152, <i>p</i> > 0.05). Furthermore, the Mann–Whitney <i>U</i> test confirmed that social engagement scores were significantly higher than confidence scores (<i>U</i> = 916.0, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Objective measurements showed increased eyebrow width (+11 µm), length (+3.1 mm), and density (+8 hairs/cm²), all statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The treatment was well tolerated and showed consistent clinical improvement.</p>
眉毛（EBs）对面部对称、表情和自我形象至关重要。EB变薄会对心理和社会健康产生负面影响。美索疗法（MT）作为一种微创治疗毛发修复的方法已经获得了广泛的应用，但其对眉毛再生和心理社会结果的影响仍有待研究。目的：本研究评估眉美疗法（EB MT）在眉稀疏或眉弱个体中使用生长因子血清的心理和临床效果。患者/方法32名参与者（年龄18-65岁）每隔2 - 4周接受3次EB MT治疗。治疗采用基于生长因子的血清“逐点”和“nappage”注射技术（GF Advanced Hair Complex+, AQ Skin Solutions Inc., Irvine， CA， USA）。这种化妆品级配方含有富含生长因子的人类成纤维细胞培养基，并按照良好生产规范（GMP）标准和FDA化妆品法规生产。该产品为商业购买用于临床使用，没有制造商参与研究设计或数据解释。”参与者的结果通过结构化问卷评估社会参与、生活质量、信心和情绪。此外，在每个疗程中客观地测量眉毛的宽度、长度和密度。使用Python （vX）进行统计分析。X)，应用非参数检验。结果：EB MT与参与者的社会心理得分显著改善相关，社会参与的平均值为7.81，生活质量的平均值为6.71，信心的平均值为6.09，情绪的平均值为6.13。由于我们的结果数据的序数性质（0-10量表），我们采用非参数检验。Spearman等级相关揭示了社交参与与生活质量之间的强关联（ρ = 0.667, p < 0.001），自信与情绪之间的中度关联（ρ = 0.471, p < 0.01），社交参与与自信之间的弱关联（ρ = 0.152, p < 0.05）。此外，Mann-Whitney U检验证实，社会参与得分显著高于信心得分（U = 916.0, p < 0.001）。客观测量显示眉宽（+11µm）、眉长（+3.1 mm）和眉密度（+8根/cm²）增加，均有统计学意义（p < 0.05）。治疗耐受性良好，临床表现持续改善。结论使用生长因子血清进行EB MT与眉毛修复的临床和心理改善有关。它可能会增强面部美感，并与改善社会参与和情感健康有关。这些发现支持EB MT在美容皮肤科的广泛应用。
{"title":"Clinical Evaluation of a Mesotherapy Formulation for Weakened and Sparse Eyebrows With Assessment of Some Psychological and Social Aspects","authors":"Krenar Dobroshi, Marija Glavash Dodov, Maja Simonovska Crcarevska, Renata Slaveska Raichki, Selvete Shuleta-Qehaja, Blerim Krasniqi, Qendresa Hoti, Merita Vuniqi Krasniqi, Gabriela Stelian","doi":"10.1002/der2.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eyebrows (EBs) are essential to facial symmetry, expression, and self-image. EB thinning can negatively impact psychological and social well-being. Mesotherapy (MT) has gained traction as a minimally invasive treatment for hair restoration, yet its impact on eyebrow regeneration and psychosocial outcomes remains under-investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study assesses the psychological and clinical effects of eyebrow mesotherapy (EB MT) using a growth factor-based serum in individuals with sparse or weakened eyebrows.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Patients/Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-two participants (ages 18–65) underwent three sessions of EB MT at two—to 4-week intervals. Treatment utilized “point by point” and “nappage” injection techniques with growth factor-based serum (GF Advanced Hair Complex+, AQ Skin Solutions Inc., Irvine, CA, USA). This cosmetic-grade formulation contains human fibroblast–conditioned media rich in growth factors and is manufactured under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards and FDA cosmetic compliance. The product was commercially purchased for clinical use, with no manufacturer involvement in study design or data interpretation.” Participants outcomes were evaluated using structured questionnaires measuring social engagement, quality of life, confidence, and mood. In addition, eyebrow width, length, and density were objectively measured across sessions. Statistical analysis was performed using Python (vX.X), applying non-parametric tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>EB MT was associated with significant improvements participants' psychosocial scores, with mean values of 7.81 for social engagement, 6.71 for quality of life, 6.09 for confidence, and 6.13 for mood. Due to the ordinal nature of our outcome data (0–10 scales), we employed non-parametric tests. A Spearman's rank correlation revealed a strong association between social engagement and quality of life (<i>ρ</i> = 0.667, <i>p</i> < 0.001), a moderate association between confidence and mood (<i>ρ</i> = 0.471, <i>p</i> < 0.01), and a weak, nonsignificant association between social engagement and confidence (<i>ρ</i> = 0.152, <i>p</i> > 0.05). Furthermore, the Mann–Whitney <i>U</i> test confirmed that social engagement scores were significantly higher than confidence scores (<i>U</i> = 916.0, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Objective measurements showed increased eyebrow width (+11 µm), length (+3.1 mm), and density (+8 hairs/cm²), all statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The treatment was well tolerated and showed consistent clinical improvement.</p>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/der2.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145529917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luis Alberto Parra, Andreina Martinez Amado, Eugenia Cure, Ingrid Salas, Carolina Schneider, Andrea Marcela Parra
Background
Regional practices for botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) in Latin America remain underexplored. This study characterizes dosing, brand preferences, and clinical outcomes across 12 countries.
Objective
To characterize regional variations in BoNT-A dosing, brand preferences, and clinical outcomes for upper facial treatments.
Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional survey of 107 practitioners across 12 Latin American countries (March 2025) analyzed dosing (Speywood/International Units), duration, adverse events, and brand preferences using descriptive statistics.
Results
Participants primarily practiced in Colombia (65.4%), Mexico (7.5%), and Central America (4.7%). AbobotulinumtoxinA required higher doses (total upper face: 114.98 ± 24.32 Speywood units) versus IncobotulinumtoxinA (66.36 ± 10.12 IU) and OnabotulinumtoxinA (62.94 ± 7.36 IU). Duration was comparable across brands (12.1–14.3 weeks). Regional preferences included AbobotulinumtoxinA in Brazil (55%) and IncobotulinumtoxinA in Mexico (48%), driven by cost or precision. Adverse events were transient (headache: 58.2%, ptosis: 12.2%).
Conclusion
Latin American practitioners balance cost-effectiveness and precision, with standardized dosing reflecting regional expertise. Long-term safety studies are warranted.
{"title":"Regional Variability in Botulinum Toxin Type A Practices: A Latin American Survey on Dosing, Preferences, and Clinical Outcomes","authors":"Luis Alberto Parra, Andreina Martinez Amado, Eugenia Cure, Ingrid Salas, Carolina Schneider, Andrea Marcela Parra","doi":"10.1002/der2.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Regional practices for botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) in Latin America remain underexplored. This study characterizes dosing, brand preferences, and clinical outcomes across 12 countries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To characterize regional variations in BoNT-A dosing, brand preferences, and clinical outcomes for upper facial treatments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional survey of 107 practitioners across 12 Latin American countries (March 2025) analyzed dosing (Speywood/International Units), duration, adverse events, and brand preferences using descriptive statistics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants primarily practiced in Colombia (65.4%), Mexico (7.5%), and Central America (4.7%). AbobotulinumtoxinA required higher doses (total upper face: 114.98 ± 24.32 Speywood units) versus IncobotulinumtoxinA (66.36 ± 10.12 IU) and OnabotulinumtoxinA (62.94 ± 7.36 IU). Duration was comparable across brands (12.1–14.3 weeks). Regional preferences included AbobotulinumtoxinA in Brazil (55%) and IncobotulinumtoxinA in Mexico (48%), driven by cost or precision. Adverse events were transient (headache: 58.2%, ptosis: 12.2%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Latin American practitioners balance cost-effectiveness and precision, with standardized dosing reflecting regional expertise. Long-term safety studies are warranted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/der2.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keloids are pathological scars that result due to prolonged inflammation and dysregulation in normal wound healing processes. Treatment options include both surgical and nonsurgical options. Superficial radiation therapy (SRT), a low-energy form of radiation used to treat keloids and nonmelanoma skin cancers, has recently been reconsidered as an adjuvant treatment following keloid excision. This review aims to explore current literature on the role of SRT in keloid treatment efficacy and clinical outcomes.
Methods
A literature search was conducted via PubMed to review pathophysiology and current treatment methods for keloids and efficacy of SRT. Peer-reviewed research articles were investigated to highlight its uses in the field.
Results
Numerous studies and clinical outcomes highlight the efficacy of SRT in reducing recurrence rates after surgical intervention. While consensus guidelines were established to determine dosing protocols in 2019, there is still conflicting evidence about duration of treatment, recommended dose, radiation, and units of gray (Gy) for different anatomical sites. Additionally, there is some concern regarding side effects, such as hyperpigmentation, radiation-induced dermatitis, and wound healing difficulties.
Conclusion
SRT has proven to be an extremely promising treatment method for keloids as a form of adjuvant therapy to surgery. This review highlights the need for further clinical studies to further develop therapeutic outcomes and universal guidelines.
{"title":"Superficial Radiation Therapy in Keloid Management","authors":"Karina Butani, Michael H. Gold, Angela N. Brown","doi":"10.1002/der2.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Keloids are pathological scars that result due to prolonged inflammation and dysregulation in normal wound healing processes. Treatment options include both surgical and nonsurgical options. Superficial radiation therapy (SRT), a low-energy form of radiation used to treat keloids and nonmelanoma skin cancers, has recently been reconsidered as an adjuvant treatment following keloid excision. This review aims to explore current literature on the role of SRT in keloid treatment efficacy and clinical outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A literature search was conducted via PubMed to review pathophysiology and current treatment methods for keloids and efficacy of SRT. Peer-reviewed research articles were investigated to highlight its uses in the field.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Numerous studies and clinical outcomes highlight the efficacy of SRT in reducing recurrence rates after surgical intervention. While consensus guidelines were established to determine dosing protocols in 2019, there is still conflicting evidence about duration of treatment, recommended dose, radiation, and units of gray (Gy) for different anatomical sites. Additionally, there is some concern regarding side effects, such as hyperpigmentation, radiation-induced dermatitis, and wound healing difficulties.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SRT has proven to be an extremely promising treatment method for keloids as a form of adjuvant therapy to surgery. This review highlights the need for further clinical studies to further develop therapeutic outcomes and universal guidelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/der2.70053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Colin Burnette, Joseph Gofman, Emily Didia, Daniel Fischer, Charles Gropper
Background
Drug-induced hyperhidrosis (DIH) is an underrecognized adverse effect that can impair quality of life and reduce treatment adherence. While prior reviews have addressed known causes, the emergence of new agents and evolving use of established drugs require ongoing identification of additional culprits and updated synthesis of previously implicated classes. This study aims to identify the growing body of evidence on DIH, focusing on implicated drug classes, underlying mechanisms, and management strategies to support early recognition and optimal care.
Methods
A comprehensive literature review was conducted across three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) from January 2007 to April 2025. Search terms included “drug-induced hyperhidrosis,” “secondary hyperhidrosis,” and related variations. Studies were eligible if published in English and reported on the incidence, pathophysiology, or treatment of DIH. References were manually screened by two reviewers, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer.
Results
Antipsychotics, opioids, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, antidepressants, and stimulants were the most frequently implicated drug classes. Proposed mechanisms include cholinergic overstimulation, serotonergic or dopaminergic dysregulation, and sympathetic overactivity. Newly implicated classes include cholinergic agonists, triptans, and antimicrobials. Management approaches include dose reduction or drug discontinuation, microneedling procedures, and pharmacologic adjuncts such as anticholinergics, adrenergic blockers, or botulinum toxin.
Conclusion
DIH is relatively common and associated with an expanding range of medications. Maintaining a low threshold for clinical suspicion, along with ongoing vigilance and prompt identification, is essential to optimize management, improve adherence, and reduce unnecessary diagnostic workups.
{"title":"Pharmacological Culprits of Hyperhidrosis: An Updated Review of Incidence, Mechanisms, and Management","authors":"Colin Burnette, Joseph Gofman, Emily Didia, Daniel Fischer, Charles Gropper","doi":"10.1002/der2.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drug-induced hyperhidrosis (DIH) is an underrecognized adverse effect that can impair quality of life and reduce treatment adherence. While prior reviews have addressed known causes, the emergence of new agents and evolving use of established drugs require ongoing identification of additional culprits and updated synthesis of previously implicated classes. This study aims to identify the growing body of evidence on DIH, focusing on implicated drug classes, underlying mechanisms, and management strategies to support early recognition and optimal care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive literature review was conducted across three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) from January 2007 to April 2025. Search terms included “drug-induced hyperhidrosis,” “secondary hyperhidrosis,” and related variations. Studies were eligible if published in English and reported on the incidence, pathophysiology, or treatment of DIH. References were manually screened by two reviewers, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Antipsychotics, opioids, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, antidepressants, and stimulants were the most frequently implicated drug classes. Proposed mechanisms include cholinergic overstimulation, serotonergic or dopaminergic dysregulation, and sympathetic overactivity. Newly implicated classes include cholinergic agonists, triptans, and antimicrobials. Management approaches include dose reduction or drug discontinuation, microneedling procedures, and pharmacologic adjuncts such as anticholinergics, adrenergic blockers, or botulinum toxin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DIH is relatively common and associated with an expanding range of medications. Maintaining a low threshold for clinical suspicion, along with ongoing vigilance and prompt identification, is essential to optimize management, improve adherence, and reduce unnecessary diagnostic workups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/der2.70052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), primarily basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), represents a significant and growing health concern. These cancers, largely attributed to cumulative sun exposure, present unique challenges in treatment due to their prevalence, particularly in cosmetically sensitive areas, and the varied health statuses of affected patients. Traditional treatment modalities, such as surgical excision and Mohs micrographic surgery, while effective, may not be suitable for all individuals, especially the elderly population or those with comorbidities. Superficial radiation therapy (SRT) has emerged as a valuable alternative, offering a noninvasive approach that targets superficial tumors with low-energy X-rays. This literature review aims to consolidate current knowledge regarding SRT, focusing on its indication, treatment parameters, efficacy, safety, and patient selection, to provide a comprehensive overview of its role in NMSC management.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>This literature review compiles data from a wide range of clinical studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews published in peer-reviewed journals. The search strategy involved utilizing medical databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, and Wiley, with keywords including “superficial radiation therapy,” “nonmelanoma skin cancer,” “basal cell carcinoma,” “squamous cell carcinoma,” “SRT efficacy,” “SRT side effects,” and “SRT treatment protocols.” Studies were included if they provided relevant data on SRT's efficacy, safety, treatment protocols, and patient selection for NMSC. Emphasis was placed on studies with robust methodologies, including randomized controlled trials, large cohort studies, and meta-analyses. Data extracted from these studies included tumor control rates, recurrence rates, side effect profiles, treatment protocols, and patient-reported outcomes. The findings were then summarized to provide a comprehensive overview of SRT's role in NMSC management.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>SRT stands as a highly effective and safe treatment modality for NMSC, particularly for BCC and SCC. This review demonstrates that SRT achieves high tumor control rates with low recurrence, offering a favorable safety profile compared to surgical alternatives. Its noninvasive nature and minimal recovery time make it especially suitable for elderly patients, those with comorbidities, and individuals seeking cosmetic preservation. Standardized treatment protocols, including fractionated dosing, optimize therapeutic outcomes while minimizing side effects. Patient selection, based on tumor characteristics, health status, and personal preferences, is
{"title":"Superficial Radiation Therapy: The Gentle Giant of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Treatment","authors":"Barbara Kania, David J. Goldberg","doi":"10.1002/der2.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), primarily basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), represents a significant and growing health concern. These cancers, largely attributed to cumulative sun exposure, present unique challenges in treatment due to their prevalence, particularly in cosmetically sensitive areas, and the varied health statuses of affected patients. Traditional treatment modalities, such as surgical excision and Mohs micrographic surgery, while effective, may not be suitable for all individuals, especially the elderly population or those with comorbidities. Superficial radiation therapy (SRT) has emerged as a valuable alternative, offering a noninvasive approach that targets superficial tumors with low-energy X-rays. This literature review aims to consolidate current knowledge regarding SRT, focusing on its indication, treatment parameters, efficacy, safety, and patient selection, to provide a comprehensive overview of its role in NMSC management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This literature review compiles data from a wide range of clinical studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews published in peer-reviewed journals. The search strategy involved utilizing medical databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, and Wiley, with keywords including “superficial radiation therapy,” “nonmelanoma skin cancer,” “basal cell carcinoma,” “squamous cell carcinoma,” “SRT efficacy,” “SRT side effects,” and “SRT treatment protocols.” Studies were included if they provided relevant data on SRT's efficacy, safety, treatment protocols, and patient selection for NMSC. Emphasis was placed on studies with robust methodologies, including randomized controlled trials, large cohort studies, and meta-analyses. Data extracted from these studies included tumor control rates, recurrence rates, side effect profiles, treatment protocols, and patient-reported outcomes. The findings were then summarized to provide a comprehensive overview of SRT's role in NMSC management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SRT stands as a highly effective and safe treatment modality for NMSC, particularly for BCC and SCC. This review demonstrates that SRT achieves high tumor control rates with low recurrence, offering a favorable safety profile compared to surgical alternatives. Its noninvasive nature and minimal recovery time make it especially suitable for elderly patients, those with comorbidities, and individuals seeking cosmetic preservation. Standardized treatment protocols, including fractionated dosing, optimize therapeutic outcomes while minimizing side effects. Patient selection, based on tumor characteristics, health status, and personal preferences, is ","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/der2.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hair loss is a common condition that significantly impacts quality of life. While conventional medical and surgical treatments are available, many patients seek noninvasive and alternative approaches. This review aimed to examine the efficacy and mechanisms of action of biologics (e.g., stem cells and exosomes, regulated under CBER by the US FDA), medical devices (e.g., lasers), Nonmedical and oils for alopecia, focusing on stem cell-based therapies, natural oils, and low-level laser therapy (LLLT).
Methods
A comprehensive review of clinical trials, systematic reviews, and animal studies was conducted to assess the safety, mechanisms, and clinical outcomes of the selected treatment modalities in various forms of alopecia.
Results
Stem cell-based interventions, especially those using adipose-derived stem cells, hair follicle stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells, showed improvements in hair density and thickness through paracrine signaling and angiogenesis. Natural oils such as rosemary and pumpkin seed oil demonstrated hair regrowth potential via anti-inflammatory and hormonal modulation effects. LLLT has shown hair growth-promoting potential in several studies by stimulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and improving scalp blood flow; however, results remain mixed across trials depending on patient and device factors. Most treatments reported minimal adverse effects and moderate patient satisfaction.
Conclusion
Stem cells, natural oils, and LLLT represent promising alternatives for managing alopecia, offering diverse mechanisms of action with generally favorable safety profiles. However, further standardized, long-term clinical trials are necessary to confirm their efficacy and establish consistent treatment protocols.
{"title":"Alternative Therapies for Hair Loss: Stem Cells, Oils, and Laser Treatment","authors":"William Abou Shahla, Rose-Mary Daou, Dana Saade","doi":"10.1002/der2.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hair loss is a common condition that significantly impacts quality of life. While conventional medical and surgical treatments are available, many patients seek noninvasive and alternative approaches. This review aimed to examine the efficacy and mechanisms of action of biologics (e.g., stem cells and exosomes, regulated under CBER by the US FDA), medical devices (e.g., lasers), Nonmedical and oils for alopecia, focusing on stem cell-based therapies, natural oils, and low-level laser therapy (LLLT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive review of clinical trials, systematic reviews, and animal studies was conducted to assess the safety, mechanisms, and clinical outcomes of the selected treatment modalities in various forms of alopecia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stem cell-based interventions, especially those using adipose-derived stem cells, hair follicle stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells, showed improvements in hair density and thickness through paracrine signaling and angiogenesis. Natural oils such as rosemary and pumpkin seed oil demonstrated hair regrowth potential via anti-inflammatory and hormonal modulation effects. LLLT has shown hair growth-promoting potential in several studies by stimulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and improving scalp blood flow; however, results remain mixed across trials depending on patient and device factors. Most treatments reported minimal adverse effects and moderate patient satisfaction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stem cells, natural oils, and LLLT represent promising alternatives for managing alopecia, offering diverse mechanisms of action with generally favorable safety profiles. However, further standardized, long-term clinical trials are necessary to confirm their efficacy and establish consistent treatment protocols.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100366,"journal":{"name":"Dermatological Reviews","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/der2.70050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144897416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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