Morphological description of spontaneous pelvic fin loss in a neotropical cichlid fish

IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY Journal of Morphology Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI:10.1002/jmor.21663
Nicolás Roberto Ehemann, Axel Meyer, Christopher Darrin Hulsey
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Abstract

Pelvic fins are a characteristic structure of the vertebrate Bauplan. Yet, pelvic fin loss has occurred repeatedly across a wide diversity of other lineages of tetrapods and at least 48 times in teleost fishes. This pelvic finless condition is often associated with other morphological features such as body elongation, loss of additional structures, and bilateral asymmetry. However, despite the remarkable diversity in the several thousand cichlid fish species, none of them are characterized by the complete absence of pelvic fins. Here, we examined the musculoskeletal structure and associated bilateral asymmetry in Midas cichlids (Amphilophus cf. citrinellus) that lost their pelvic fins spontaneously in the laboratory. Due to this apparent mutational loss of the pelvic girdle and fins, the external and internal anatomy are described in a series of “normal” Midas individuals and their pelvic finless sibling tankmates. First, other traits associated with teleost pelvic fin loss, the genetic basis of pelvic fin loss, and the potential for pleiotropic effects of these genes on other traits in teleosts were all reviewed. Using these traits as a guide, we investigated whether other morphological differences were associated with the pelvic girdle/fin loss. The mean values of the masses of muscle of the pectoral fin, fin ray numbers in the unpaired fins, and oral jaw tooth numbers did not differ between the two pelvic fin morphotypes. However, significant differences in meristic values of the paired traits assessed were observed for the same side of the body between morphotypes. Notably, bilateral asymmetry was found exclusively for the posterior lateral line scales. Finally, we found limited evidence of pleiotropic effects, such as lateral line scale numbers and fluctuating asymmetry between the Midas pelvic fin morphotypes. The fast and relatively isolated changes in the Midas cichlids suggest minor but interesting pleiotropic effects could accompany loss of cichlid pelvic fins.

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一种新热带慈鲷自发性盆鳍脱落的形态学描述
腹鳍是脊椎动物的特征结构。然而,骨盆鳍的丧失在其他种类的四足动物中反复发生,在硬骨鱼中至少发生了48次。这种骨盆无鳍状况通常与其他形态学特征有关,如身体伸长、额外结构的丧失和两侧不对称。然而,尽管数千种慈鲷种类繁多,但没有一种是完全没有腹鳍的。在这里,我们研究了在实验室中自发失去腹鳍的米达斯鲷(Amphilophus cf. citrinellus)的肌肉骨骼结构和相关的双边不对称。由于这种明显的骨盆带和鳍的突变丧失,外部和内部解剖结构描述了一系列“正常”迈达斯个体和它们的骨盆无鳍兄弟姐妹。首先,综述了与硬骨鱼骨盆鳍丧失相关的其他性状、骨盆鳍丧失的遗传基础以及这些基因对硬骨鱼其他性状的多效效应。以这些特征为指导,我们研究了其他形态学差异是否与骨盆带/鳍丧失有关。胸鳍肌肉质量的平均值、未配对鳍中的鳍条数和口腔颌齿数在两种腹鳍形态之间没有差异。然而,在身体的同一侧,在形态类型之间观察到配对性状的分分值有显著差异。值得注意的是,仅后侧线鳞片发现双侧不对称。最后,我们发现了有限的多效性效应的证据,如侧线鳞数和米达斯盆鳍形态之间的波动不对称性。米达斯慈鲷的快速和相对孤立的变化表明,轻微但有趣的多效性效应可能伴随着慈鲷腹鳍的丧失。
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来源期刊
Journal of Morphology
Journal of Morphology 医学-解剖学与形态学
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
6.70%
发文量
119
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Morphology welcomes articles of original research in cytology, protozoology, embryology, and general morphology. Articles generally should not exceed 35 printed pages. Preliminary notices or articles of a purely descriptive morphological or taxonomic nature are not included. No paper which has already been published will be accepted, nor will simultaneous publications elsewhere be allowed. The Journal of Morphology publishes research in functional, comparative, evolutionary and developmental morphology from vertebrates and invertebrates. Human and veterinary anatomy or paleontology are considered when an explicit connection to neontological animal morphology is presented, and the paper contains relevant information for the community of animal morphologists. Based on our long tradition, we continue to seek publishing the best papers in animal morphology.
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