首页 > 最新文献

Journal of Morphology最新文献

英文 中文
A Scanning Electron Microscopy Method to Visualise the Copulatory Organ Morphology of Microturbellarian Flatworms: Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852 as a Case Study
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.70040
Laura Vanstraelen, Tom Artois, Thierry Backeljau, Nikol Kmentová, Mare Geraerts, Marlies Monnens

Traditional methods for studying the morphology of microturbellarian flatworms rely on light microscopy, which often lacks the resolution necessary to capture fine structural details. Therefore, we present a protocol to improve the visualisation of structural morphological details in microturbellarians by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We demonstrate this method by imaging the sclerotised copulatory organs of three species of Trigonostomum (Rhabdocoela, Trigonostomidae): T. venenosum, T. setigerum, and T. penicillatum. Additionally, we successfully visualise the bursal appendage of T. penicillatum. SEM imaging offered new morphological insights for the genus, and corrected earlier interpretations made with light microscopy. The method requires precision and careful handling, especially during the isolation of the hard parts. However, it is cost-effective and straightforward to carry out in any standard laboratory setting. Hence, our SEM protocol complements traditional light microscopy and opens new avenues for taxonomical research in microturbellarian taxa with hard parts.

{"title":"A Scanning Electron Microscopy Method to Visualise the Copulatory Organ Morphology of Microturbellarian Flatworms: Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852 as a Case Study","authors":"Laura Vanstraelen,&nbsp;Tom Artois,&nbsp;Thierry Backeljau,&nbsp;Nikol Kmentová,&nbsp;Mare Geraerts,&nbsp;Marlies Monnens","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Traditional methods for studying the morphology of microturbellarian flatworms rely on light microscopy, which often lacks the resolution necessary to capture fine structural details. Therefore, we present a protocol to improve the visualisation of structural morphological details in microturbellarians by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We demonstrate this method by imaging the sclerotised copulatory organs of three species of <i>Trigonostomum</i> (Rhabdocoela, Trigonostomidae): <i>T. venenosum</i>, <i>T. setigerum</i>, and <i>T. penicillatum</i>. Additionally, we successfully visualise the bursal appendage of <i>T. penicillatum</i>. SEM imaging offered new morphological insights for the genus, and corrected earlier interpretations made with light microscopy. The method requires precision and careful handling, especially during the isolation of the hard parts. However, it is cost-effective and straightforward to carry out in any standard laboratory setting. Hence, our SEM protocol complements traditional light microscopy and opens new avenues for taxonomical research in microturbellarian taxa with hard parts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":"286 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Morphology and Volatilomics of the Pre-Pharyngeal and Pharyngeal Glands of Paraponera clavata (Hymenoptera: Paraponerinae) and Pachycondyla crassinoda (Hymenoptera: Ponerinae) Workers
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.70038
Erika Vanessa C. C. Sousa, Elane Borba Alves, Ana Paula Pereira Raimundo, Jodieh Oliveira Santana Varejão, Eduardo Vinícius Vieira Varejão, José Eduardo Serrão

Ants occur in a remarkable diversity of species, many of which fulfill essential ecological roles and exhibit complex eusocial behaviors. Among their unique adaptations are specialized exocrine glands, such as the pre-pharyngeal and pharyngeal glands, which produce secretions crucial for physiology and social cohesion. Despite their importance, these glands are poorly studied in Paraponerinae and Ponerinae species. This study examines the morphology and chemical composition of these glands in workers of Paraponera clavata (Paraponerinae) and Pachycondyla crassinoda (Ponerinae). The results document distinct morphological and morphometric differences: the pre-pharyngeal gland in P. clavata is larger, with cells rich in proteins and glycoproteins, whereas in P. crassinoda, the gland has more extensive secretory cells and a higher concentration of lipids. Additionally, the pharyngeal glands in P. clavata are tubular, while in P. crassinoda, they have large lobes with internal cuticular projections. Chemical analyses identified shared hydrocarbons between the species, as well as unique compounds that may reflect specific behavioral and ecological adaptations. These findings suggest that morphological and chemical differences in these ants' glands are potentially associated with dietary habits and behavioral traits.

{"title":"Morphology and Volatilomics of the Pre-Pharyngeal and Pharyngeal Glands of Paraponera clavata (Hymenoptera: Paraponerinae) and Pachycondyla crassinoda (Hymenoptera: Ponerinae) Workers","authors":"Erika Vanessa C. C. Sousa,&nbsp;Elane Borba Alves,&nbsp;Ana Paula Pereira Raimundo,&nbsp;Jodieh Oliveira Santana Varejão,&nbsp;Eduardo Vinícius Vieira Varejão,&nbsp;José Eduardo Serrão","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ants occur in a remarkable diversity of species, many of which fulfill essential ecological roles and exhibit complex eusocial behaviors. Among their unique adaptations are specialized exocrine glands, such as the pre-pharyngeal and pharyngeal glands, which produce secretions crucial for physiology and social cohesion. Despite their importance, these glands are poorly studied in Paraponerinae and Ponerinae species. This study examines the morphology and chemical composition of these glands in workers of <i>Paraponera clavata</i> (Paraponerinae) and <i>Pachycondyla crassinoda</i> (Ponerinae). The results document distinct morphological and morphometric differences: the pre-pharyngeal gland in <i>P. clavata</i> is larger, with cells rich in proteins and glycoproteins, whereas in <i>P. crassinoda</i>, the gland has more extensive secretory cells and a higher concentration of lipids. Additionally, the pharyngeal glands in <i>P. clavata</i> are tubular, while in <i>P. crassinoda</i>, they have large lobes with internal cuticular projections. Chemical analyses identified shared hydrocarbons between the species, as well as unique compounds that may reflect specific behavioral and ecological adaptations. These findings suggest that morphological and chemical differences in these ants' glands are potentially associated with dietary habits and behavioral traits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":"286 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the Maxillofacial Development of Mice, Mus musculus
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.70032
Hiroki Higashiyama, Shunya Kuroda, Akiyasu Iwase, Naoki Irie, Hiroki Kurihara

The maxillofacial region is one of the most complex areas in the vertebrate body plan. The homology of the upper jaw bones remain controversial, both between mammals and nonmammalian amniotes and among humans and other mammals, leading to various hypotheses on how this region evolved from ancestral amniotes to humans. As a key mammalian model, the mouse (Mus musculus) is vital for unraveling the evolution and development of the maxillofacial region experimentally. However, limited detailed morphological descriptions of murine cranial development hinder the extrapolation of findings to other species, including humans. Here, we describe the development of the murine face, including the nerves, skeletons, and vasculatures from the pharyngula (9.0 days post-coitum [dpc]) to the late fetal period (18.5 dpc) based on three-dimensional reconstructions of histological sections. The present results confirm that the morphology of the pharyngula stages and developmental process of chondrocranium of mice is highly conserved when compared to nonmammalian tetrapods and humans. We also propose that the Os incisivum, the rostralmost bone in the mammalian upper jaw, consists of septomaxillary and palatine components, supporting our previous hypothesis that the ancestral premaxilla was entirely lost in mammals. The present descriptive study of mice strengthen the anatomical correspondence between mouse and human faces and offers a solid framework for comparative craniofacial studies across vertebrates.

{"title":"On the Maxillofacial Development of Mice, Mus musculus","authors":"Hiroki Higashiyama,&nbsp;Shunya Kuroda,&nbsp;Akiyasu Iwase,&nbsp;Naoki Irie,&nbsp;Hiroki Kurihara","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The maxillofacial region is one of the most complex areas in the vertebrate body plan. The homology of the upper jaw bones remain controversial, both between mammals and nonmammalian amniotes and among humans and other mammals, leading to various hypotheses on how this region evolved from ancestral amniotes to humans. As a key mammalian model, the mouse (<i>Mus musculus</i>) is vital for unraveling the evolution and development of the maxillofacial region experimentally. However, limited detailed morphological descriptions of murine cranial development hinder the extrapolation of findings to other species, including humans. Here, we describe the development of the murine face, including the nerves, skeletons, and vasculatures from the pharyngula (9.0 days post-coitum [dpc]) to the late fetal period (18.5 dpc) based on three-dimensional reconstructions of histological sections. The present results confirm that the morphology of the pharyngula stages and developmental process of chondrocranium of mice is highly conserved when compared to nonmammalian tetrapods and humans. We also propose that the Os incisivum, the rostralmost bone in the mammalian upper jaw, consists of septomaxillary and palatine components, supporting our previous hypothesis that the ancestral premaxilla was entirely lost in mammals. The present descriptive study of mice strengthen the anatomical correspondence between mouse and human faces and offers a solid framework for comparative craniofacial studies across vertebrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":"286 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmor.70032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Morphology of the Rare Beetle Silphopsyllus desmanae (Leiodidae), a Commensal of the Semiaquatic Russian Desman
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.70031
Paweł Jałoszyński, Odair M. Meira, Margarita I. Yavorskaya, Alexandr Prokin, Veit Grabe, Rolf G. Beutel

Silphopsyllus desmanae, a species of the small subfamily Platypsyllinae of Leiodidae, lives in the fur of the semiaquatic Russian desman, and is apparently adapted to this highly specialized life style. Even though the morphology of adults of the species was described almost 70 years ago, we re-examined it with modern methods and documented its external and internal features in detail, and discuss them with respect to phylogeny and function. Our analyses of morphological data place Leptinillus as the sister group of the remaining genera of Platypsyllinae, and Leptinus as the sister group of Silphopsyllus + Platypsyllus. Platypsyllinae are supported by many putative autapomorphies: supraantennal ridges directed mesad but not extending beyond the antennal insertions and not forming a transverse ridge; tentorium without connected laminatentoria anterior to the tentorial bridge; submentum subrectangular; labrum about as wide as the maxillary-labial complex; elongate and posteriorly projecting lateral lobes of the mentum; antennomeres lacking periarticular gutters (and Hamann's organs); cervical sclerites absent; precoxal prosternal region distinctly longer than the coxal rests; mesocoxal cavities situated closer to the body midline than to the lateral mesothoracic margins; metanepisterna fused with the metaventrite; metascutum laterally overlapping the meso- and metapleural regions; procoxae subglobose or only slightly elongate; mesocoxae subglobose. Platypsyllinae are most likely the sister group of Coloninae + Cholevinae. Eight unique apomorphies differentiating Platypsyllus from all the remaining Platypsyllinae are mainly adaptations for living in the fur of beavers. Silphopsyllus is much less adapted to life on a semiaquatic host than Platypsyllus.

{"title":"The Morphology of the Rare Beetle Silphopsyllus desmanae (Leiodidae), a Commensal of the Semiaquatic Russian Desman","authors":"Paweł Jałoszyński,&nbsp;Odair M. Meira,&nbsp;Margarita I. Yavorskaya,&nbsp;Alexandr Prokin,&nbsp;Veit Grabe,&nbsp;Rolf G. Beutel","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Silphopsyllus desmanae</i>, a species of the small subfamily Platypsyllinae of Leiodidae, lives in the fur of the semiaquatic Russian desman, and is apparently adapted to this highly specialized life style. Even though the morphology of adults of the species was described almost 70 years ago, we re-examined it with modern methods and documented its external and internal features in detail, and discuss them with respect to phylogeny and function. Our analyses of morphological data place <i>Leptinillus</i> as the sister group of the remaining genera of Platypsyllinae, and <i>Leptinus</i> as the sister group of <i>Silphopsyllus</i> + <i>Platypsyllus</i>. Platypsyllinae are supported by many putative autapomorphies: supraantennal ridges directed mesad but not extending beyond the antennal insertions and not forming a transverse ridge; tentorium without connected laminatentoria anterior to the tentorial bridge; submentum subrectangular; labrum about as wide as the maxillary-labial complex; elongate and posteriorly projecting lateral lobes of the mentum; antennomeres lacking periarticular gutters (and Hamann's organs); cervical sclerites absent; precoxal prosternal region distinctly longer than the coxal rests; mesocoxal cavities situated closer to the body midline than to the lateral mesothoracic margins; metanepisterna fused with the metaventrite; metascutum laterally overlapping the meso- and metapleural regions; procoxae subglobose or only slightly elongate; mesocoxae subglobose. Platypsyllinae are most likely the sister group of Coloninae + Cholevinae. Eight unique apomorphies differentiating <i>Platypsyllus</i> from all the remaining Platypsyllinae are mainly adaptations for living in the fur of beavers. <i>Silphopsyllus</i> is much less adapted to life on a semiaquatic host than <i>Platypsyllus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":"286 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmor.70031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Organization of Lacunar and Muscular Systems of Polyascus polygeneus and Parasacculina pilosella (Rhizocephala: Polyascidae)
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.70037
Natalia A. Arbuzova, Anastasia D. Lianguzova, Olga M. Korn, Aleksei A. Miroliubov

Circulatory systems are characteristic of most multicellular animals. In parasitic organisms, which may differ strikingly from their free-living relatives, such systems remain the least studied. Rhizocephala (Pancrustacea: Cirripedia) are among the morphologically most derived parasitic crustaceans. In the adult rhizocephalan female, transport presumably takes place along the lacunar system inside the interna rootlets and the externa. The aim of our study was to visualize and describe the lacunar and muscular systems in the externa of Polyascus polygeneus and Parasacculina pilosella (fam. Polyascidae) using micro-computed tomography and confocal microscopy. The lacunar system in the externae of both species consists of the stalk lumen, mesentery lacuna accompanying the visceral mass and mantle lacunae. These elements of the lacunar system are similar to those previously described in Peltogasterella gracilis (fam. Peltogasterellidae). However, the interposition of these elements differs. The organization of the muscular system mostly corresponds to previous descriptions in other rhizocephalan species, however some unexpected results were obtained. For example, P. polygeneus has an age-related differentiation of mantle musculature, which was not described before for any rhizocephalan species. Obtained data on lacunar and muscular systems organization allow us to assume the change in the externa body axes in the family Polyascidae.

{"title":"Organization of Lacunar and Muscular Systems of Polyascus polygeneus and Parasacculina pilosella (Rhizocephala: Polyascidae)","authors":"Natalia A. Arbuzova,&nbsp;Anastasia D. Lianguzova,&nbsp;Olga M. Korn,&nbsp;Aleksei A. Miroliubov","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Circulatory systems are characteristic of most multicellular animals. In parasitic organisms, which may differ strikingly from their free-living relatives, such systems remain the least studied. Rhizocephala (Pancrustacea: Cirripedia) are among the morphologically most derived parasitic crustaceans. In the adult rhizocephalan female, transport presumably takes place along the lacunar system inside the interna rootlets and the externa. The aim of our study was to visualize and describe the lacunar and muscular systems in the externa of <i>Polyascus polygeneus</i> and <i>Parasacculina pilosella</i> (fam. Polyascidae) using micro-computed tomography and confocal microscopy. The lacunar system in the externae of both species consists of the stalk lumen, mesentery lacuna accompanying the visceral mass and mantle lacunae. These elements of the lacunar system are similar to those previously described in <i>Peltogasterella gracilis</i> (fam. Peltogasterellidae). However, the interposition of these elements differs. The organization of the muscular system mostly corresponds to previous descriptions in other rhizocephalan species, however some unexpected results were obtained. For example, <i>P. polygeneus</i> has an age-related differentiation of mantle musculature, which was not described before for any rhizocephalan species. Obtained data on lacunar and muscular systems organization allow us to assume the change in the externa body axes in the family Polyascidae.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":"286 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the Fila Olfactoria and the Cribriform Region of the Crocodylia 论嗅觉丝和鳄形目楔形区
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.70036
Matthew Dille, Michael Cramberg, Hadyn DeLeeuw, Emily Pick, Mary Thompson, Bruce A. Young

In mammals the fila olfactoria, fascicles of axons coursing from sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium to the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb, not only have a topographic projection pattern but also serve as routes for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage from around the brain. Les is known about the fila olfactoria in nonmammalian taxa. This work explores the fila olfactoria of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) using a combination of gross dissection, histology, Diffusible Iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography, latex corrosion casting, and India ink tracers. In Crocodylians, as in other nonmammalian vertebrates, the fila olfactoria courses through a foramen in the nasal capsule rather than an ethmoidal cribriform plate. In Alligator this foramen is filled by dense connective tissue; prominent perineural spaces extend through the connective tissue, effectively making it perforate like the cribriform plate. Latex or India ink introduced into the cranial CSF pass through the dense connective to reach the submucosa of the olfactory epithelium, suggesting that Crocodylians have the same cranial CSF drainage pattern as mammals. In Alligator, the fila olfactoria is asymmetric, with more fascicles entering the ventral and lateral surfaces of the olfactory bulb than the dorsal or medial surfaces. If individual fascicles of the fila olfactoria are traced in Alligator, a clear topographic projection emerges; with medial and lateral polarity maintained between olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb, and a rostral-caudal polarity projecting as dorsal-ventral on the olfactory bulb.

{"title":"On the Fila Olfactoria and the Cribriform Region of the Crocodylia","authors":"Matthew Dille,&nbsp;Michael Cramberg,&nbsp;Hadyn DeLeeuw,&nbsp;Emily Pick,&nbsp;Mary Thompson,&nbsp;Bruce A. Young","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In mammals the fila olfactoria, fascicles of axons coursing from sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium to the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb, not only have a topographic projection pattern but also serve as routes for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage from around the brain. Les is known about the fila olfactoria in nonmammalian taxa. This work explores the fila olfactoria of the American alligator (<i>Alligator mississippiensis</i>) using a combination of gross dissection, histology, Diffusible Iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography, latex corrosion casting, and India ink tracers. In Crocodylians, as in other nonmammalian vertebrates, the fila olfactoria courses through a foramen in the nasal capsule rather than an ethmoidal cribriform plate. In <i>Alligator</i> this foramen is filled by dense connective tissue; prominent perineural spaces extend through the connective tissue, effectively making it perforate like the cribriform plate. Latex or India ink introduced into the cranial CSF pass through the dense connective to reach the submucosa of the olfactory epithelium, suggesting that Crocodylians have the same cranial CSF drainage pattern as mammals. In <i>Alligator</i>, the fila olfactoria is asymmetric, with more fascicles entering the ventral and lateral surfaces of the olfactory bulb than the dorsal or medial surfaces. If individual fascicles of the fila olfactoria are traced in <i>Alligator</i>, a clear topographic projection emerges; with medial and lateral polarity maintained between olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb, and a rostral-caudal polarity projecting as dorsal-ventral on the olfactory bulb.</p>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":"286 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmor.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Morphological Investigation of Superficial Fascia Relationships With the Skin and Underlying Tissues in the Canine Hindlimb 犬后肢浅层筋膜与皮肤和下层组织关系的形态学研究
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.70033
Oday A. Al-Juhaishi, Zeeshan Akbar, Saad M. Y. Ismail, Smitha Rose Georgy, Christina M. Murray, Helen M. S. Davies

The morphology of the superficial fascia in the canine hindlimb is still poorly understood and incompletely described. The present study aimed to elucidate the macroscopic and microscopic structures of the superficial fascia, thereby clarifying its functional role. Cadavers were investigated for anatomic description (N = 38), ultrasonic scanning (N = 2), and histological analyses (N = 10) of this tissue in the hindlimb. The superficial fascia was identified as a shiny, white fibroelastic layer that adhered to the skin through fibrous septa. It was organized into sublayers enveloping the cutaneous muscle and large blood vessels. In certain areas, superficial fascia fused with the deep fascia or skin, creating fascial bursae. These bursae included the ischiatic bursa, an iliac bursa, a prepatellar subfascial bursa, a prepatellar subcutaneous bursa, and the tarsal fascial bursa. Microscopically, the superficial fascia presented as a layer of dense connective tissue characterized by irregularly arranged collagen and elastic fibers. The superficial fascia was firmly attached to the skin and deep fascia by numerous fibrous tissue strands. Within both, the superficial fascia and fascial bursae, several mechanoreceptors and nerve endings were identified, including Ruffini's corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, and Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles. The organization of the superficial fascia and its attachments suggest a mechanical role in supporting structures and resisting loads during movement. The fibrous septa anchors fascia to the skin, providing stability and resistance against external forces, as well as protecting the nerves and blood vessels that pass towards the skin. Existing fascial bursae probably assist in decreasing pressure and facilitating freedom of movement adjacent to bony prominences. Elasticity and connectivity of the superficial fascia may explain the various responses to multidirectional loading. Furthermore, the presence of free nerve endings and mechanoreceptors within the fascia suggests that it may contribute to proprioception of the hindlimb, enhancing the awareness of body movement.

{"title":"Morphological Investigation of Superficial Fascia Relationships With the Skin and Underlying Tissues in the Canine Hindlimb","authors":"Oday A. Al-Juhaishi,&nbsp;Zeeshan Akbar,&nbsp;Saad M. Y. Ismail,&nbsp;Smitha Rose Georgy,&nbsp;Christina M. Murray,&nbsp;Helen M. S. Davies","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The morphology of the superficial fascia in the canine hindlimb is still poorly understood and incompletely described. The present study aimed to elucidate the macroscopic and microscopic structures of the superficial fascia, thereby clarifying its functional role. Cadavers were investigated for anatomic description (<i>N</i> = 38), ultrasonic scanning (<i>N</i> = 2), and histological analyses (<i>N</i> = 10) of this tissue in the hindlimb. The superficial fascia was identified as a shiny, white fibroelastic layer that adhered to the skin through fibrous septa. It was organized into sublayers enveloping the cutaneous muscle and large blood vessels. In certain areas, superficial fascia fused with the deep fascia or skin, creating fascial bursae. These bursae included the ischiatic bursa, an iliac bursa, a prepatellar subfascial bursa, a prepatellar subcutaneous bursa, and the tarsal fascial bursa. Microscopically, the superficial fascia presented as a layer of dense connective tissue characterized by irregularly arranged collagen and elastic fibers. The superficial fascia was firmly attached to the skin and deep fascia by numerous fibrous tissue strands. Within both, the superficial fascia and fascial bursae, several mechanoreceptors and nerve endings were identified, including Ruffini's corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, and Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles. The organization of the superficial fascia and its attachments suggest a mechanical role in supporting structures and resisting loads during movement. The fibrous septa anchors fascia to the skin, providing stability and resistance against external forces, as well as protecting the nerves and blood vessels that pass towards the skin. Existing fascial bursae probably assist in decreasing pressure and facilitating freedom of movement adjacent to bony prominences. Elasticity and connectivity of the superficial fascia may explain the various responses to multidirectional loading. Furthermore, the presence of free nerve endings and mechanoreceptors within the fascia suggests that it may contribute to proprioception of the hindlimb, enhancing the awareness of body movement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":"286 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hidden Armour: The Passive Protective Function of Caudal Osteoderms in Snakes
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.70034
Petra Frýdlová, Jan Dudák, Veronika Tymlová, Jan Žemlička, Jiří Moravec, Daniel Frynta

Dermal armour, consisting of bony dermal structures known as osteoderms (ODs), is widespread in squamate reptiles. However, in some limbless taxa such as snakes, ODs are rare, probably due to a trade-off between mechanical protection and the demands of locomotion and consumption of large prey. Recent findings of ODs restricted to the distal body regions of sand boas (Eryx, Erycidae) challenge this paradigm, suggesting they provide passive mechanical protection against aggressive prey without significantly impairing locomotion. Building on these findings, we have continued the search and identified three additional snake species that have well-developed caudal ODs, including the first-ever discovery of ODs in shield-tailed snakes (Uropeltidae). In these fossorial species, which are characterised by their unique tail morphology, ecological adaptations and colouration, the ODs at the tail tip may serve as passive protection against predators. However, an alternative role in locomotion or occasional phragmosis cannot be ruled out. In the Javelin sand boa (Eryx jaculus), the ODs are hypothesised to function as a mechanical defence against aggressive prey. These results highlight the functional and evolutionary plasticity of ODs and emphasise the urgent need for further studies on their specific role and adaptive significance in the ecology and evolution of snakes.

{"title":"Hidden Armour: The Passive Protective Function of Caudal Osteoderms in Snakes","authors":"Petra Frýdlová,&nbsp;Jan Dudák,&nbsp;Veronika Tymlová,&nbsp;Jan Žemlička,&nbsp;Jiří Moravec,&nbsp;Daniel Frynta","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dermal armour, consisting of bony dermal structures known as osteoderms (ODs), is widespread in squamate reptiles. However, in some limbless taxa such as snakes, ODs are rare, probably due to a trade-off between mechanical protection and the demands of locomotion and consumption of large prey. Recent findings of ODs restricted to the distal body regions of sand boas (<i>Eryx</i>, Erycidae) challenge this paradigm, suggesting they provide passive mechanical protection against aggressive prey without significantly impairing locomotion. Building on these findings, we have continued the search and identified three additional snake species that have well-developed caudal ODs, including the first-ever discovery of ODs in shield-tailed snakes (Uropeltidae). In these fossorial species, which are characterised by their unique tail morphology, ecological adaptations and colouration, the ODs at the tail tip may serve as passive protection against predators. However, an alternative role in locomotion or occasional phragmosis cannot be ruled out. In the Javelin sand boa (<i>Eryx jaculus</i>), the ODs are hypothesised to function as a mechanical defence against aggressive prey. These results highlight the functional and evolutionary plasticity of ODs and emphasise the urgent need for further studies on their specific role and adaptive significance in the ecology and evolution of snakes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":"286 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jmor.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evolutionary Implications of the Human Soleus Muscle Based on the Comparative Anatomy of Detailed Intramuscular Nerve Distribution Patterns in Primates 基于对灵长类详细肌内神经分布模式的比较解剖学研究发现的人类足底肌的进化意义
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.70035
Tohma Sakuraya, Takahiro Sonomura, Kenji Emura, Eishi Hirasaki, Tetsunari Iwata, Akitoshi Katsumata, Takamitsu Arakawa

Over the course of its evolution, the human soleus muscle has rapidly increased in size and gained a more important role in bipedal locomotion. However, the detailed processes underlying these morphological changes remain uninvestigated. When discussing these morphological changes in muscles, the innervation patterns among primates is an important criterion to consider and compare. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the detailed intramuscular nerve distribution patterns of the soleus muscle in nine extant primate species and provide new evolutionary implications. The human soleus muscle is innervated by two branches of the tibial nerve: the posterior nerve branch innervates the major posterior part of the soleus muscle, and the anterior nerve branch innervates the anterior bipennate part of the soleus muscle. The soleus muscle is innervated by the posterior branch in all species and by the anterior branch in five of the nine primate species. The prevalence and distribution patterns of the anterior branches varies even between closely related species. However, these variations were not associated with the intramuscular distribution patterns of the posterior branches. Therefore, the distribution of the anterior and posterior branches may have evolved independent of each other. In humans, the anterior branch and intramuscular subbranch of the posterior branch—that innervates the muscle fascicles originating from the soleal line on the tibia—are distributed more widely within the soleus muscle than in non-human primates. This rapid increase in size and medial expansion of the soleus muscle over the course of human evolution may be due to the expansion of the two parts of the soleus muscle innervated by these two branches.

{"title":"Evolutionary Implications of the Human Soleus Muscle Based on the Comparative Anatomy of Detailed Intramuscular Nerve Distribution Patterns in Primates","authors":"Tohma Sakuraya,&nbsp;Takahiro Sonomura,&nbsp;Kenji Emura,&nbsp;Eishi Hirasaki,&nbsp;Tetsunari Iwata,&nbsp;Akitoshi Katsumata,&nbsp;Takamitsu Arakawa","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over the course of its evolution, the human soleus muscle has rapidly increased in size and gained a more important role in bipedal locomotion. However, the detailed processes underlying these morphological changes remain uninvestigated. When discussing these morphological changes in muscles, the innervation patterns among primates is an important criterion to consider and compare. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the detailed intramuscular nerve distribution patterns of the soleus muscle in nine extant primate species and provide new evolutionary implications. The human soleus muscle is innervated by two branches of the tibial nerve: the posterior nerve branch innervates the major posterior part of the soleus muscle, and the anterior nerve branch innervates the anterior bipennate part of the soleus muscle. The soleus muscle is innervated by the posterior branch in all species and by the anterior branch in five of the nine primate species. The prevalence and distribution patterns of the anterior branches varies even between closely related species. However, these variations were not associated with the intramuscular distribution patterns of the posterior branches. Therefore, the distribution of the anterior and posterior branches may have evolved independent of each other. In humans, the anterior branch and intramuscular subbranch of the posterior branch—that innervates the muscle fascicles originating from the soleal line on the tibia—are distributed more widely within the soleus muscle than in non-human primates. This rapid increase in size and medial expansion of the soleus muscle over the course of human evolution may be due to the expansion of the two parts of the soleus muscle innervated by these two branches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":"286 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Solvent Dehydration and Low Temperature Vacuum Drying for SEM Imaging of Pre-Hatching Frog Embryos
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.70030
Daniela Zurita-Paredes, Daniela Flores-Bolaños, Karla Vizuete, Alexis Debut, Andrés Romero-Carvajal

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a fundamental technique to study the morphology of anuran embryos and tadpoles. Here, we present a drying method for SEM imaging of late frog embryos using commonly available dehydration solvents such as ethanol or methanol, xylene, and applying low temperature vacuum freeze drying. Briefly, embryos from early embryonic gills development to hatching were fixed with a paraformaldehyde—glutaraldehyde mix, then dehydrated to ethanol or methanol, and then slowly dried using low temperature and constant vacuum pressure. An extra step of clearing using xylene after ethanol dehydration improved results considerably. Our protocol successfully preserved embryo shape and the morphology of fragile and delicate superficial structures (e.g., external embryonic gills, apical ectodermal microridges and surface ciliation), while avoiding the use of some SEM toxic reagents.

{"title":"Solvent Dehydration and Low Temperature Vacuum Drying for SEM Imaging of Pre-Hatching Frog Embryos","authors":"Daniela Zurita-Paredes,&nbsp;Daniela Flores-Bolaños,&nbsp;Karla Vizuete,&nbsp;Alexis Debut,&nbsp;Andrés Romero-Carvajal","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a fundamental technique to study the morphology of anuran embryos and tadpoles. Here, we present a drying method for SEM imaging of late frog embryos using commonly available dehydration solvents such as ethanol or methanol, xylene, and applying low temperature vacuum freeze drying. Briefly, embryos from early embryonic gills development to hatching were fixed with a paraformaldehyde—glutaraldehyde mix, then dehydrated to ethanol or methanol, and then slowly dried using low temperature and constant vacuum pressure. An extra step of clearing using xylene after ethanol dehydration improved results considerably. Our protocol successfully preserved embryo shape and the morphology of fragile and delicate superficial structures (e.g., external embryonic gills, apical ectodermal microridges and surface ciliation), while avoiding the use of some SEM toxic reagents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":"286 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Morphology
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1