Radioecology: Past, Present, Future

A. I. Shcheglov, O. B. Tsvetnova, G. I. Agapkina, D. N. Lipatov, D. V. Manakhov, S. V. Mamikhin, T. A. Paramonova, V. V. Stolbova, E. V. Tsvetnov
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Abstract

The article deals with issues related to the development of radioecology as an independent scientific discipline. The achievements of past years and the studies that are currently being carried out, as well as promising areas of development in this area are analyzed. A corrected periodization of the stages of development of radioecology is proposed, taking into account the experience accumulated to date in the field of this discipline. At the initial stage (1895–1929), empirical material was collected; at the first stage (1930–1960), the theoretical foundation was laid and radioecology was formed as an independent discipline; at the second stage (1961–1990), intensive development of radioecology was noted; and, at the third stage (1991–2010), there was progressive development of radioecology; the fourth—modern—stage of the development of radioecology is in the beginning of the 21st century (2011–present). For each stage, the main scientific achievements and evolution of ideas in the field of radioecology are considered. It is postulated that, at present, the development of this discipline is associated with the further improvement of world nuclear technologies, the elimination of the consequences of a number of radiation incidents (the accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in 2011), the revision of the concept of radiation protection of the environment and a number of other provisions. Particular attention is paid to forest radioecology, one of the most important main areas of this science.

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放射生态学:过去、现在和未来
摘要本文论述了放射生态学作为一门独立学科的发展问题。分析了过去几年的成就和目前正在进行的研究,以及这方面有希望的发展领域。考虑到迄今为止在该学科领域积累的经验,提出了放射生态学发展阶段的正确分期。在初始阶段(1895-1929),收集经验材料;第一阶段(1930-1960),奠定了放射生态学的理论基础,形成了一个独立的学科;在第二阶段(1961-1990年),注意到放射生态学的密集发展;在第三阶段(1991-2010),放射生态学逐步发展;放射生态学发展的第四个现代阶段是21世纪初(2011年至今)。每个阶段都考虑了放射生态学领域的主要科学成就和思想演变。据推测,目前,这一学科的发展与世界核技术的进一步提高,一些辐射事件(2011年福岛核电站事故)的后果的消除,对环境辐射防护概念的修订以及其他一些规定有关。特别注意森林放射生态学,这是这门科学最重要的主要领域之一。
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