A systematic review of lignocellulosic biomass for remediation of environmental pollutants

IF 7.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Applied Surface Science Advances Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI:10.1016/j.apsadv.2023.100547
Kuljit Kaur , Rajandeep Kaur , Harpreet Kaur
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Abstract

Lignocellulosic wastes are the most promising feedstock, as they are the most inexpensive and abundantly renewable natural resource. The abundance of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose in feedstocks has been shown to be effective in eliminating persistent contaminants. Environmental issues, including the accumulation of agricultural waste, waste water treatment, and air pollution, could be resolved by producing value-added products like activated carbon from these wastes. Several biomass wastes were used to produce activated carbon using a two-step processing method that involved oxygen-free carbonisation and activation. This study examines the methods for making biochar from different lignocellulosic biomass sources. Furthermore, biochar modification significantly modifies surface area and pore volume. To determine the fundamental characteristics of biochar and to evaluate its potential for use in a variety of environmental applications, physical and chemical characterizations are required. Various widely used modern analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Raman spectroscopy, have been reviewed in this work. The potential mechanisms through which lignocellulosic biochars may absorb pollutants are outlined. In general, this review highlights the significance and potential of activated carbon formed from waste products for environmental remediation, demonstrating that biomass-originated activated carbon could have a significant impact on increasing economic viability and efficiently protecting the environment.

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木质纤维素生物质修复环境污染物的系统综述
木质纤维素废物是最有前途的原料,因为它们是最便宜和丰富的可再生自然资源。原料中纤维素、木质素和半纤维素的丰度已被证明在消除持久性污染物方面是有效的。环境问题,包括农业废弃物的积累、废水处理和空气污染,可以通过从这些废弃物中生产活性炭等增值产品来解决。几种生物质废弃物被用来生产活性炭,采用两步处理方法,包括无氧碳化和活化。本研究探讨了从不同的木质纤维素生物质来源制造生物炭的方法。此外,生物炭改性显著地改变了表面积和孔隙体积。为了确定生物炭的基本特性并评价其在各种环境应用中的潜力,需要进行物理和化学表征。各种广泛使用的现代分析技术,如扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、x射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TGA)、x射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、核磁共振波谱(NMR)、布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒(BET)和拉曼光谱,在本工作中进行了综述。概述了木质纤维素生物炭吸收污染物的潜在机制。综上所述,本文强调了由废弃物形成的活性炭在环境修复中的重要性和潜力,表明生物质活性炭在提高经济可行性和有效保护环境方面具有重要作用。
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CiteScore
8.10
自引率
1.60%
发文量
128
审稿时长
66 days
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