Gut-Brain Axis Deregulation and Its Possible Contribution to Neurodegenerative Disorders

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Neurotoxicity Research Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI:10.1007/s12640-023-00681-0

Francisca Villavicencio-Tejo, Margrethe A. Olesen, Laura Navarro, Nancy Calisto, Cristian Iribarren, Katherine García, Gino Corsini, Rodrigo A. Quintanilla

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Abstract

The gut-brain axis is an essential communication pathway between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gastrointestinal tract. The human microbiota is composed of a diverse and abundant microbial community that compasses more than 100 trillion microorganisms that participate in relevant physiological functions such as host nutrient metabolism, structural integrity, maintenance of the gut mucosal barrier, and immunomodulation. Recent evidence in animal models has been instrumental in demonstrating the possible role of the microbiota in neurodevelopment, neuroinflammation, and behavior. Furthermore, clinical studies suggested that adverse changes in the microbiota can be considered a susceptibility factor for neurological disorders (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this review, we will discuss evidence describing the role of gut microbes in health and disease as a relevant risk factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including AD, PD, HD, and ALS.

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肠脑轴失调及其对神经退行性疾病的可能影响

摘要肠脑轴是中枢神经系统（CNS）和胃肠道之间的重要沟通途径。人体微生物群落由多种多样、数量丰富的微生物组成，其数量超过 100 万亿个，它们参与了宿主营养代谢、结构完整性、肠道粘膜屏障维护和免疫调节等相关生理功能。最近的动物模型证据证明了微生物群在神经发育、神经炎症和行为中可能发挥的作用。此外，临床研究表明，微生物群的不利变化可被视为神经系统疾病（NDs）的易感因素，如阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）、亨廷顿病（HD）和肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论肠道微生物在健康和疾病中作为神经退行性疾病（包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病和肌萎缩侧索硬化症）发病机制中的相关风险因素的作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Neurotoxicity Research 医学-神经科学

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

5.40%

发文量

164

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Neurotoxicity Research is an international, interdisciplinary broad-based journal for reporting both basic and clinical research on classical neurotoxicity effects and mechanisms associated with neurodegeneration, necrosis, neuronal apoptosis, nerve regeneration, neurotrophin mechanisms, and topics related to these themes. Published papers have focused on: NEURODEGENERATION and INJURY Neuropathologies Neuronal apoptosis Neuronal necrosis Neural death processes (anatomical, histochemical, neurochemical) Neurodegenerative Disorders Neural Effects of Substances of Abuse NERVE REGENERATION and RESPONSES TO INJURY Neural Adaptations Neurotrophin mechanisms and actions NEURO(CYTO)TOXICITY PROCESSES and NEUROPROTECTION Excitatory amino acids Neurotoxins, endogenous and synthetic Reactive oxygen (nitrogen) species Neuroprotection by endogenous and exogenous agents Papers on related themes are welcome.