Surpassing the strength of metallogels with a rigid, amorphous metal-rich material formulation

Abstract

Metal-ion-containing soft materials include metallogels, metal-organic frameworks, and coordination polymers. These materials show commercial value in catalysis, hydrogen storage, and electronics. Metal-containing soft materials reported to date are structurally weak, falling short of a Young’s modulus typical of engineering-grade materials. We report herein that inclusion of an antisolvent in metal-thiolate metallogel synthesis results in a colloidal sol, where the colloids comprise amorphous metal-organic complexes. Upon desolvation, the colloids coalesce to form a solid phase that is both gel like and glass like. This solid phase is structurally amorphous, comprises continuous networks similar to organic polymers, and has stiffness observed in polymeric materials with extended structure, yet contains a superstoichiometric amount of metal relative to organic ligand. The solid phase is therefore a rigid, amorphous metal-rich (RAMETRIC) material. Highlighting the rigidity, the Young’s modulus of the gel-phase material is 1,000× greater than metallogels comprised of the same constituent building blocks.