Investigation of the Physical Mechanisms of the Formation and Evolution of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles During a Moderate Storm on 17 September 2021

IF 3.7 2区 地球科学 Space Weather Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI:10.1029/2023sw003673
Kun Wu, Liying Qian, Wenbin Wang, Xuguang Cai, Joseph M. Mclnerney
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Abstract

We investigate in detail the occurrence and evolution of ionospheric equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) during a moderate storm on 17 September 2021, using Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) observations and Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model-eXtended (WACCM-X) simulations. GOLD observations show that there were no EPBs on 16 September before the storm but EPBs occurred after the storm commencement on 17 September. The EPBs extended to ∼30° magnetic latitude. A diagnostic analysis of WACCM-X simulations reveals that the rapid enhancement of prompt penetration electric fields (PPEFs) after the sudden storm commencement is the main reason that triggered the occurrence of the EPBs. Further quantitative analysis shows that vertical plasma drifts, which are enhanced by the PPEF, played a dominant role in strengthening the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, leading to the occurrence of the EPBs and the large latitudinal extension of the EPBs to ∼30° magnetic latitude during the night of 17 September.
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2021 年 9 月 17 日中等强度风暴期间赤道等离子体气泡形成和演变的物理机制研究
我们利用全球尺度肢盘观测(GOLD)和全大气层群气候模式-扩展版(WACCM-X)模拟,详细研究了 2021 年 9 月 17 日中等强度风暴期间电离层赤道等离子体气泡(EPB)的发生和演变情况。GOLD 观测结果表明,9 月 16 日风暴前没有 EPB,但 9 月 17 日风暴开始后出现了 EPB。EPB 扩展到了∼30°的磁纬度。对 WACCM-X 模拟的诊断分析表明,风暴突然开始后快速穿透电场(PPEFs)的快速增强是引发 EPBs 出现的主要原因。进一步的定量分析表明,等离子体垂直漂移在加强雷利-泰勒不稳定性方面发挥了主导作用,从而导致了 EPB 的发生,并在 9 月 17 日夜间将 EPB 的纬度大幅扩展到了磁纬 30°。
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