Interpersonal distance perception during the normalization of an pandemic situation: Effects of mask-wearing and vaccination

IF 1.3 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY PsyCh journal Pub Date : 2023-12-17 DOI:10.1002/pchj.719
Xiaoqing Yu, Chun-Hsien Chen, Ziqing Xia, Congyi Wang, Wei Xiong
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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of anti-pandemic measures, including wearing a face mask and receiving vaccinations, on interpersonal distance (IPD) during the normalization stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Virtual reality (VR) technology was used to simulate the experimental environment and a confederate in different conditions. Thirty-one participants were asked to approach the virtual confederate, who could exhibit three vaccination states and two mask-wearing conditions, actively and passively in both indoor and outdoor environments. ANOVA results showed that the participants kept a smaller IPD from the confederate wearing a face mask (IPD = 125.6 cm) than from the one without a face mask (IPD = 154.2 cm). The effects of vaccination states were significant, with the largest distance for an unvaccinated confederate (IPD = 182.3 cm) and the smallest distance for the confederate who had received a booster vaccine (IPD = 111.5 cm). Significant effects of environment were also found, with the participants maintaining a larger IPD in an outdoor environment (IPD = 143.4 cm) than in an indoor room (IPD = 136.4 cm). Additionally, the IPD collected when the participants were passively approached (IPD = 149.6 cm) was significantly larger than that obtained when they actively approached the confederate (IPD = 130.3 cm). Moreover, when the participants faced a confederate who had received a booster vaccine and wore a mask, the IPD was not significantly different from that collected before the COVID-19 pandemic in both the active and passive patterns. These findings help us to better understand the nature of IPD and human behaviors during the normalization stage of the pandemic and provide scientific suggestions for policymakers to develop pandemic-prevention measures.
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大流行病常态化期间的人际距离感知:戴口罩和接种疫苗的影响
本研究旨在评估在 COVID-19 大流行的正常化阶段,戴口罩和接种疫苗等抗大流行措施对人际距离(IPD)的影响。研究人员利用虚拟现实(VR)技术模拟了不同条件下的实验环境和一名同伴。31 名参与者被要求在室内和室外环境中主动或被动地接近虚拟人,虚拟人可以表现出三种接种状态和两种戴口罩状态。方差分析结果表明,与戴口罩的虚拟人(IPD = 125.6 厘米)相比,参与者与不戴口罩的虚拟人(IPD = 154.2 厘米)保持的 IPD 更小。疫苗接种状态的影响非常明显,未接种疫苗的同伴的距离最大(IPD = 182.3 厘米),接种过加强疫苗的同伴的距离最小(IPD = 111.5 厘米)。环境也有显著影响,参与者在室外环境中的 IPD(IPD = 143.4 厘米)比在室内环境中的 IPD(IPD = 136.4 厘米)要大。此外,被动接近时收集到的 IPD(IPD = 149.6 厘米)明显大于主动接近知己时收集到的 IPD(IPD = 130.3 厘米)。此外,当参与者面对已接种加强型疫苗并佩戴口罩的对方时,无论是主动还是被动模式,其 IPD 与 COVID-19 大流行前收集到的 IPD 没有明显差异。这些发现有助于我们更好地理解大流行正常化阶段的IPD和人类行为的本质,并为决策者制定大流行预防措施提供科学建议。
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来源期刊
PsyCh journal
PsyCh journal PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
12.50%
发文量
109
期刊介绍: PsyCh Journal, China''s first international psychology journal, publishes peer‑reviewed research articles, research reports and integrated research reviews spanning the entire spectrum of scientific psychology and its applications. PsyCh Journal is the flagship journal of the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences – the only national psychology research institute in China – and reflects the high research standards of the nation. Launched in 2012, PsyCh Journal is devoted to the publication of advanced research exploring basic mechanisms of the human mind and behavior, and delivering scientific knowledge to enhance understanding of culture and society. Towards that broader goal, the Journal will provide a forum for academic exchange and a “knowledge bridge” between China and the World by showcasing high-quality, cutting-edge research related to the science and practice of psychology both within and outside of China. PsyCh Journal features original articles of both empirical and theoretical research in scientific psychology and interdisciplinary sciences, across all levels, from molecular, cellular and system, to individual, group and society. The Journal also publishes evaluative and integrative review papers on any significant research contribution in any area of scientific psychology
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