Effects of intermittent fasting combined with physical exercise on cardiometabolic outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies.

IF 5.9 2区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Nutrition reviews Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI:10.1093/nutrit/nuad155

Fatemeh Kazeminasab, Maryam Baharlooie, Bahareh Karimi, Khatereh Mokhtari, Sara K Rosenkranz, Heitor O Santos

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Abstract

Context: Different intermittent fasting (IF) protocols have been proven to be efficient in improving cardiometabolic markers, but further research is needed to examine whether or not combining IF regimens plus physical exercise is superior to control diets (ie, nonfasting eating) plus physical exercise in this setting.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether or not combining IF plus exercise interventions is more favorable than a control diet plus exercise for improving cardiometabolic health outcomes.

Data source: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were comprehensively searched until April 2023.

Data extraction: Electronic databases were searched for clinical trials that determined the effect of IF plus exercise vs a control diet plus exercise on body weight, lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], triglycerides, and total cholesterol), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively). Analyses were conducted for IF plus exercise vs a nonfasting diet plus exercise to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs).

Data analysis: The meta-analysis included a total of 14 studies, with a total sample of 360 adults with or without obesity. The duration ranged from 4 to 52 weeks. IF plus exercise decreased body weight (WMD = -1.83 kg; P = 0.001), LDL (WMD = -5.35 mg/dL; P = 0.03), and SBP (WMD = -2.99 mm Hg; P = 0.003) significantly more than a control diet plus exercise. HDL (WMD = 1.57 mg/dL; P = 0.4) and total cholesterol (WMD = -2.24 mg/dL; P = 0.3) did not change significantly for IF plus exercise vs a control diet plus exercise, but there was a trend for reducing triglycerides (WMD = -13.13 mg/dL; P = 0.07) and DBP (WMD = 2.13 mm Hg; P = 0.05), which shows clinical magnitude.

Conclusion: IF plus exercise improved some cardiometabolic outcomes (body weight, blood pressure, and lipid profile) compared with a control diet plus exercise.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023423878.

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间歇性禁食结合体育锻炼对心脏代谢结果的影响：临床研究的系统回顾和荟萃分析。

背景：不同的间歇性禁食（IF）方案已被证明能有效改善心脏代谢指标，但在这种情况下，结合IF方案和体育锻炼是否优于控制饮食（即非禁食）和体育锻炼，还需要进一步研究：本研究的目的是确定在改善心脏代谢健康结果方面，结合中性食物加运动干预是否比控制饮食加运动更有利：截至 2023 年 4 月，对 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 进行了全面检索：在电子数据库中搜索了确定 IF 加运动与对照饮食加运动对体重、血脂状况（高密度脂蛋白 [HDL]、低密度脂蛋白 [LDL]、甘油三酯和总胆固醇）以及收缩压和舒张压（分别为 SBP 和 DBP）影响的临床试验。对 IF 加运动与非空腹饮食加运动进行了分析，以计算加权平均差（WMDs）：荟萃分析共包括 14 项研究，样本为 360 名患有或不患有肥胖症的成年人。研究持续时间从 4 周到 52 周不等。IF 加运动比对照饮食加运动显著降低体重（WMD = -1.83 kg；P = 0.001）、低密度脂蛋白（WMD = -5.35 mg/dL；P = 0.03）和血压（WMD = -2.99 mm Hg；P = 0.003）。高密度脂蛋白（WMD = 1.57 毫克/分升；P = 0.4）和总胆固醇（WMD = -2.24 毫克/分升；P = 0.3）在 IF 加运动与对照饮食加运动的对比中没有显著变化，但甘油三酯（WMD = -13.13 毫克/分升；P = 0.07）和 DBP（WMD = 2.13 毫米汞柱；P = 0.05）有降低趋势，显示出临床意义：结论：与对照饮食加运动相比，IF 加运动改善了一些心脏代谢结果（体重、血压和血脂）：系统综述注册：PROSPERO 注册号CRD42023423878。

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来源期刊

Nutrition reviews 医学-营养学

CiteScore

12.20

自引率

1.60%

发文量

121

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Nutrition Reviews is a highly cited, monthly, international, peer-reviewed journal that specializes in the publication of authoritative and critical literature reviews on current and emerging topics in nutrition science, food science, clinical nutrition, and nutrition policy. Readers of Nutrition Reviews include nutrition scientists, biomedical researchers, clinical and dietetic practitioners, and advanced students of nutrition.