Higher Classes of Geographical Complexes and Layer Structure of the Geographical Sphere

IF 0.3 Q4 GEOGRAPHY Geography and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI:10.1134/s1875372823030095
S. V. Osipov
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Abstract

The aim of this paper is to clarify the system of higher classes of geographical complexes and to identify on their basis natural and natural-technogenic types of layering of the geographical sphere, as well as to discuss the landscape sphere concept. A model of the geographical sphere (geographical envelope, epigeosphere) is proposed on the basis of vertically alternating layers, each of which is a set of laterally bordering geocomplexes of the landscape level at the boundary between geospheres (atmo-, hydro-, and lithosphere) or within one of them. We have substantiated the classification scheme of seven divisions (classes of the highest rank) of natural geocomplexes: atmolithospheric (terrestrial), hydrolithospheric (bottom (underwater) and glacial-mineral (subglacial)), atmohydrospheric (air-water (water-surface) and air-glacial), atmohydrolithospheric (amphibious and glacial), atmospheric (air), hydrospheric (water and glacial), and lithospheric (underground (mineral)). The classification of geocomplexes is a uniform basis for a comparative analysis of the most diverse parts of the geographical sphere. This approach enables us to display not only the layering, but all aspects of the spatial structure and may be used not only at global and regional, but also at local levels. The same model enables us to reflect anthropogenic changes of the spatial structure. Four natural types of the layer structure of the geographical sphere (epigeosphere) are distinguished: terrestrial, amphibious (continental and marine) and glacial, midwater (marine and continental) and glacial, and deepwater (oceanic and marine) and glacial. Five technogenically modified (natural-technogenic) subtypes of the layered structure are identified: two in the terrestrial and one in each of the other types. The concept of the landscape sphere as part of the geographical sphere (epigeosphere) along the contact zones of partial geospheres is supplemented by the idea of the landscape sphere as a sphere allocated to the outer boundary of the lithosphere. In this version of the concept, the landscape sphere is formed by geocomplexes of three classes: atmolithospheric, atmohydrolithospheric, and hydrolithospheric.

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更高级别的地理复合体和地理球的层结构
摘要 本文旨在阐明高等级地理综合体系统,并在此基础上确定地理球的自然和自然-技术分层类型,以及讨论景观球概念。在垂直交替层的基础上提出了一个地理球(地理包络层、外地理球)模型,每个层都是在地理球(大气圈、水圈和岩石圈)之间或其中一个地理球内部的一组横向接壤的景观级地理综合体。我们已经证实了自然地理复合体的七个分区(最高级别)的分类方案:大气岩石圈(陆地)、水文岩石圈(海底(水下)和冰川-矿物(冰川下))、大气水球圈(空气-水(水面)和空气-冰川)、大气水文岩石圈(两栖和冰川)、大气圈(空气)、水球圈(水和冰川)和岩石圈(地下(矿物))。地理复合体的分类是对地理领域最多样化部分进行比较分析的统一基础。这种方法使我们不仅能显示层状结构,还能显示空间结构的各个方面,不仅可用于全球和区域层面,还可用于地方层面。同一模型还能反映空间结构的人为变化。地理球(外大气层)的层结构分为四种自然类型:陆地、两栖(大陆和海洋)和冰川、中层水(海洋和大陆)和冰川、深层水(海洋和海洋)和冰川。确定了分层结构的五个技术改造(自然-技术)亚类型:陆地类型两个,其他类型各一个。景观球的概念是地理球(外地理球)的一部分,沿部分地理球的接触带,景观球的概念是岩石圈外部边界的一个球体。在这一概念的版本中,景观球是由大气岩石圈、大气水文岩石圈和水文岩石圈三类地质复合体构成的。
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CiteScore
0.50
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0.00%
发文量
24
期刊介绍: Geography and Natural Resources  publishes information on research results in the field of geographical studies of nature, the economy, and the population. It provides ample coverage of the geographical aspects related to solving major economic problems, with special emphasis on regional nature management and environmental protection, geographical forecasting, integral regional research developments, modelling of natural processes, and on the advancement of mapping techniques. The journal publishes contributions on monitoring studies, geographical research abroad, as well as discussions on the theory of science.
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