Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1134/s1875372824700112
A. A. Chibilev, V. P. Petrishchev, R. V. Ryakhov
Abstract
One of the main directions of the modern study of landscape structure is the timely updating of the structural and dynamic features of geosystems, taking into account the degree of anthropogenic load. This article examines the historical prerequisites for the development of ideas about the physical and geographical division of Orenburg oblast. A geoinformation analysis of remote sensing data has been carried out using neural network algorithms based on self-organizing Kohonen maps in order to compare the structure of natural boundaries with the actual structure of natural–anthropogenic complexes. For this purpose, we have calculated quantitative indicators (namely, the area of the physical-geographical region, the number of classes (types of tracts), the number of landscape contours, the average number of contours in a class, the average area of one contour, the density of contours in the physical-geographical region, the coefficient of complexity, the maximum possible complexity of a landscape, the absolute organization of a landscape (a measure of imbalance), the relative organization of a landscape, and the coefficient of landscape fragmentation) and indices of differentiation of the landscape structure (coefficients of entropic complexity and Shannon diversity and Ivashutina–Nikolaev, Odum, Gleason–Margalef, and Simpson indices of heterogeneity). Moreover, schematic maps of the region’s territory have been compiled, reflecting their spatial distribution over landscape areas. Based on the results of the study, tendencies of changes in the landscape structure of Orenburg oblast have been determined. They include changes in the degree of contouring of geosystems, dynamics of the severity of interlandscape boundaries, anthropogenic dispersion of geosystems, and the degree of dominance of individual elements of the landscape. Differences in the tendencies of changes in the landscape structure of forest-steppe, petromorphic, and hydromorphic geosystems, in comparison with the arid steppe landscapes prevailing in the region, have been identified depending on the degree of agrogenic and technogenic transformation.
{"title":"Morphoindication of Physicogeographical Regions of Orenburg Oblast","authors":"A. A. Chibilev, V. P. Petrishchev, R. V. Ryakhov","doi":"10.1134/s1875372824700112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372824700112","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>One of the main directions of the modern study of landscape structure is the timely updating of the structural and dynamic features of geosystems, taking into account the degree of anthropogenic load. This article examines the historical prerequisites for the development of ideas about the physical and geographical division of Orenburg oblast. A geoinformation analysis of remote sensing data has been carried out using neural network algorithms based on self-organizing Kohonen maps in order to compare the structure of natural boundaries with the actual structure of natural–anthropogenic complexes. For this purpose, we have calculated quantitative indicators (namely, the area of the physical-geographical region, the number of classes (types of tracts), the number of landscape contours, the average number of contours in a class, the average area of one contour, the density of contours in the physical-geographical region, the coefficient of complexity, the maximum possible complexity of a landscape, the absolute organization of a landscape (a measure of imbalance), the relative organization of a landscape, and the coefficient of landscape fragmentation) and indices of differentiation of the landscape structure (coefficients of entropic complexity and Shannon diversity and Ivashutina–Nikolaev, Odum, Gleason–Margalef, and Simpson indices of heterogeneity). Moreover, schematic maps of the region’s territory have been compiled, reflecting their spatial distribution over landscape areas. Based on the results of the study, tendencies of changes in the landscape structure of Orenburg oblast have been determined. They include changes in the degree of contouring of geosystems, dynamics of the severity of interlandscape boundaries, anthropogenic dispersion of geosystems, and the degree of dominance of individual elements of the landscape. Differences in the tendencies of changes in the landscape structure of forest-steppe, petromorphic, and hydromorphic geosystems, in comparison with the arid steppe landscapes prevailing in the region, have been identified depending on the degree of agrogenic and technogenic transformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141548222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1134/s1875372824700070
S. A. Kondratyev, A. Yu. Bryukhanov, Sh. R. Pozdnyakov, A. V. Puzanov, I. V. Zherelina, M. V. Shmakova, E. V. Vasilyev, A. M. Rasulova, S. V. Baboshkina, N. S. Oblomkova
Abstract
The ILLM model was used to solve the problem of assessing the external load on the Russian part of the Irtysh River from the catchment. It takes into account the contribution of point and diffuse sources to the formation of the load and makes it possible to calculate the removal of impurities from the catchment. The model takes into consideration the influence of hydrological factors and chemical retention by the catchment and its hydrographic network. In order to provide the model with the necessary input information, the underlying surface types have been classified using PROBA-V and Sentinel-2 satellite images. Data on the content of nutrients (N and P) and trace elements (Cu and Zn) in soil and river waters of the studied territory have been collected and analyzed. Based on the processing of materials on the activities of more than 800 agricultural enterprises, the number of livestock and organic and mineral fertilizer inputs are estimated and the total nitrogen and total phosphorus inputs to the hydrographic network are calculated. The external load (including the diffusive component) of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and metals (copper and zinc) is assessed for both the entire Russian part of the Irtysh basin and for seven of its subbasins, including the Tobol, Ishim, Om, and Konda rivers. According to the results, the contribution of the transboundary load to the outflow of the considered chemicals in the outlet sections of the transboundary rivers is evaluated. It is shown that the ratio of the contribution of different components of the external load to the outflow varies depending on the water content of a year.
{"title":"Assessment of the Load of Nutrients and Pollutants on the Russian Part of the Irtysh River","authors":"S. A. Kondratyev, A. Yu. Bryukhanov, Sh. R. Pozdnyakov, A. V. Puzanov, I. V. Zherelina, M. V. Shmakova, E. V. Vasilyev, A. M. Rasulova, S. V. Baboshkina, N. S. Oblomkova","doi":"10.1134/s1875372824700070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372824700070","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The ILLM model was used to solve the problem of assessing the external load on the Russian part of the Irtysh River from the catchment. It takes into account the contribution of point and diffuse sources to the formation of the load and makes it possible to calculate the removal of impurities from the catchment. The model takes into consideration the influence of hydrological factors and chemical retention by the catchment and its hydrographic network. In order to provide the model with the necessary input information, the underlying surface types have been classified using PROBA-V and Sentinel-2 satellite images. Data on the content of nutrients (N and P) and trace elements (Cu and Zn) in soil and river waters of the studied territory have been collected and analyzed. Based on the processing of materials on the activities of more than 800 agricultural enterprises, the number of livestock and organic and mineral fertilizer inputs are estimated and the total nitrogen and total phosphorus inputs to the hydrographic network are calculated. The external load (including the diffusive component) of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and metals (copper and zinc) is assessed for both the entire Russian part of the Irtysh basin and for seven of its subbasins, including the Tobol, Ishim, Om, and Konda rivers. According to the results, the contribution of the transboundary load to the outflow of the considered chemicals in the outlet sections of the transboundary rivers is evaluated. It is shown that the ratio of the contribution of different components of the external load to the outflow varies depending on the water content of a year.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141548220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1134/s1875372824700057
N. N. Alekseeva, A. I. Bancheva, Yu. S. Greenfeldt, L. A. Petrov, D. A. Tretyachenko
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to summarize approaches and methods used abroad for estimating carbon emissions resulting from land-use changes on global and regional levels. To understand the place of this topic in modern geoecology, an analysis of bibliometric indicators has been carried out based on the Scopus abstract and citation database. There has been a significant increase in publications on the research results of carbon emissions and absorption under the influence of land use around the world since the early 2000s, with over 200 articles currently published per year. The leading countries in terms of publication activity include China, the United States, Germany, Great Britain, and Brazil, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences being the leader among organizations. The present-day research into carbon balance changes under the impact of land-use change is based on detecting changes in land cover in the spatiotemporal aspect using advanced geoinformation technologies and on modeling carbon fluxes through the use of precise data consistent with the approaches 2–3 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change methodology. It has been established that most of the studies by leading scientific centers have common algorithm and stages. This article provides a description of these stages, namely, the methods and specific tools used, and it identifies their advantages and disadvantages. The general research algorithm includes, at the first stage, an assessment of the dynamics of land-use/land-cover change for different time spans, then carbon balance modeling as a result of land-use changes, and the development of regional policy measures on this basis. National nuances in the application of methods and initial data are also revealed (cases of China, Brazil, etc.). It is concluded that it is necessary to further improve methods in the field of accuracy of land-use/land-cover classifications and timeliness of detecting its dynamics, as well as the assessment of carbon stocks. These factors determine specific practical actions in the field of regional planning and the development of offset measures under the climate policy.
{"title":"Estimating Carbon Emissions Resulting from Land-Use Changes at Global and Regional Levels in Foreign Research","authors":"N. N. Alekseeva, A. I. Bancheva, Yu. S. Greenfeldt, L. A. Petrov, D. A. Tretyachenko","doi":"10.1134/s1875372824700057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372824700057","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The purpose of this article is to summarize approaches and methods used abroad for estimating carbon emissions resulting from land-use changes on global and regional levels. To understand the place of this topic in modern geoecology, an analysis of bibliometric indicators has been carried out based on the Scopus abstract and citation database. There has been a significant increase in publications on the research results of carbon emissions and absorption under the influence of land use around the world since the early 2000s, with over 200 articles currently published per year. The leading countries in terms of publication activity include China, the United States, Germany, Great Britain, and Brazil, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences being the leader among organizations. The present-day research into carbon balance changes under the impact of land-use change is based on detecting changes in land cover in the spatiotemporal aspect using advanced geoinformation technologies and on modeling carbon fluxes through the use of precise data consistent with the approaches 2–3 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change methodology. It has been established that most of the studies by leading scientific centers have common algorithm and stages. This article provides a description of these stages, namely, the methods and specific tools used, and it identifies their advantages and disadvantages. The general research algorithm includes, at the first stage, an assessment of the dynamics of land-use/land-cover change for different time spans, then carbon balance modeling as a result of land-use changes, and the development of regional policy measures on this basis. National nuances in the application of methods and initial data are also revealed (cases of China, Brazil, etc.). It is concluded that it is necessary to further improve methods in the field of accuracy of land-use/land-cover classifications and timeliness of detecting its dynamics, as well as the assessment of carbon stocks. These factors determine specific practical actions in the field of regional planning and the development of offset measures under the climate policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141548217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1134/s1875372824700100
Yu. M. Semenov, M. Yu. Semenov, A. V. Silaev
Abstract
Methodological approaches to the identification of hydrologically sensitive landscapes have been developed and implemented in the Selenga River basin. The topographic wetness index (TWI) is calculated to detect accumulative landscapes using the digital relief model of the region under study. Areas with TWI ranges of 12–15 and 15–18 are recognized as areas with the most likely runoff zones. To assess the possibility of their influence on the formation of the river runoff composition, a map of the total runoff is created using the flow accumulation (FA) model. Hydrologically sensitive areas (HSAs) in a watershed are determined by superimposing a spatial distribution map of areas with maximum total runoff values on the TWI differentiation map. Areas with contours located within the territories of maximum values of total runoff are identified as true hydrologically sensitive landscapes. Model polygons are selected to test the methodology for mapping hydrologically sensitive areas and primary pollution sources. Studies are carried out on the model territory of the city of Ulan-Ude, which is one of the main pollutants of the waters of the Selenga River and Lake Baikal. The main condition for the formation of secondary sources of pollution (accumulative landscapes) is the correspondence of the pollution source coverage area with HSA. The resulting map of production facilities is superimposed on the HSA spatial distribution map, fragments of which within industrial zones are identified as possible secondary sources of pollution (critical sources areas (CSAs)). The accuracy of the CSA allocation has been confirmed by the results of assessing the level of soil pollution in the city of Ulan-Ude.
{"title":"Methodological Approaches to the Identification of Hydrologically Sensitive Landscapes (Case Study of the Selenga River Basin)","authors":"Yu. M. Semenov, M. Yu. Semenov, A. V. Silaev","doi":"10.1134/s1875372824700100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372824700100","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Methodological approaches to the identification of hydrologically sensitive landscapes have been developed and implemented in the Selenga River basin. The topographic wetness index (TWI) is calculated to detect accumulative landscapes using the digital relief model of the region under study. Areas with TWI ranges of 12–15 and 15–18 are recognized as areas with the most likely runoff zones. To assess the possibility of their influence on the formation of the river runoff composition, a map of the total runoff is created using the flow accumulation (FA) model. Hydrologically sensitive areas (HSAs) in a watershed are determined by superimposing a spatial distribution map of areas with maximum total runoff values on the TWI differentiation map. Areas with contours located within the territories of maximum values of total runoff are identified as true hydrologically sensitive landscapes. Model polygons are selected to test the methodology for mapping hydrologically sensitive areas and primary pollution sources. Studies are carried out on the model territory of the city of Ulan-Ude, which is one of the main pollutants of the waters of the Selenga River and Lake Baikal. The main condition for the formation of secondary sources of pollution (accumulative landscapes) is the correspondence of the pollution source coverage area with HSA. The resulting map of production facilities is superimposed on the HSA spatial distribution map, fragments of which within industrial zones are identified as possible secondary sources of pollution (critical sources areas (CSAs)). The accuracy of the CSA allocation has been confirmed by the results of assessing the level of soil pollution in the city of Ulan-Ude.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141548221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1134/s1875372824700045
V. I. Blanutsa
Abstract
There are no approaches to identifying critical telecommunications infrastructure based on the concepts of human geography. The aim of our study is to develop such an approach and to test it using the example of the united fiber-optic network of the Russian Federation. The theoretical basis of the approach is the concept of economic and geographical location and its expansion in the form of infocommunication and geographical location. This makes it possible to estimate the position of any critical element through the parameters of the network formed by this element. In this context, critical telecommunications infrastructure are nodes and communication lines which, if disconnected, lead to the subsequent disconnection of other nodes and lines. It is proposed to distinguish between ordinary, critical, critically dependent, and dependent nodes, as well as ordinary and critical lines. The methodical basis of the approach is the author’s algorithm for identifying critical nodes. The initial information is taken from the author’s database on domestic telecommunication lines and Rosstat data on the population of Russian cities as of January 1, 2022. A total of 1111 out of 1117 cities are considered, since six cities are not connected to the united Russian fiber-optic network. The implementation of the geographical approach makes it possible to detect more than 100 critical nodes (cities). The characteristics of the ten most critical nodes are given. The distribution of the number and population of cities across four types of nodes and federal districts of Russia has been carried out. It is established that most of the critical lines are laid to small towns. The results are discussed from the standpoint of research limitations, the simulation of simultaneous disconnection of several critical elements, and recommendations for laying new telecommunication lines. The practical significance of the results may be related to the development of telecommunication measures to improve the stability of the fiber-optic network. Three directions of further research are proposed.
{"title":"Identification of Critical Telecommunications Infrastructure in Russia: A Geographical Approach","authors":"V. I. Blanutsa","doi":"10.1134/s1875372824700045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372824700045","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>There are no approaches to identifying critical telecommunications infrastructure based on the concepts of human geography. The aim of our study is to develop such an approach and to test it using the example of the united fiber-optic network of the Russian Federation. The theoretical basis of the approach is the concept of economic and geographical location and its expansion in the form of infocommunication and geographical location. This makes it possible to estimate the position of any critical element through the parameters of the network formed by this element. In this context, critical telecommunications infrastructure are nodes and communication lines which, if disconnected, lead to the subsequent disconnection of other nodes and lines. It is proposed to distinguish between ordinary, critical, critically dependent, and dependent nodes, as well as ordinary and critical lines. The methodical basis of the approach is the author’s algorithm for identifying critical nodes. The initial information is taken from the author’s database on domestic telecommunication lines and Rosstat data on the population of Russian cities as of January 1, 2022. A total of 1111 out of 1117 cities are considered, since six cities are not connected to the united Russian fiber-optic network. The implementation of the geographical approach makes it possible to detect more than 100 critical nodes (cities). The characteristics of the ten most critical nodes are given. The distribution of the number and population of cities across four types of nodes and federal districts of Russia has been carried out. It is established that most of the critical lines are laid to small towns. The results are discussed from the standpoint of research limitations, the simulation of simultaneous disconnection of several critical elements, and recommendations for laying new telecommunication lines. The practical significance of the results may be related to the development of telecommunication measures to improve the stability of the fiber-optic network. Three directions of further research are proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141548216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1134/s187537282470015x
D. Zhou, H. Yang, O. G. Savichev, K. Jin, Y. Wu, A. A. Khvashchevskaya
Abstract
This paper analyzes data on the chemical composition of wetland waters, groundwaters, and river waters in the catchment area of Poyang Lake, which were obtained in the course of Russian–Chinese hydrogeochemical studies in 2013–2022. The bulk of the laboratory work was carried out at Tomsk Polytechnic University using the mass spectrometric method with inductively coupled plasma. It is shown that wetlands that are not used economically are a source of organic substances and their transformation products entering the groundwater of the upper hydrodynamic zone. An anthropogenic impact on surface and groundwaters has also been established, which manifests itself in a rather sharp increase in the concentrations of certain chemical elements and their compounds. However, at the same time, a significant ability of the region’s water bodies to self-purify has been revealed. Thus, in the low-water periods of 2019 and 2022, a decrease in the contents of As, Cd, Ni, Sb, V, Mo, and W in the waters of the Jinjiang River was noted, which is 17–120 times and more just 100–200 m downstream from wastewater outlets. Based on the analysis of measurement results, thermodynamic calculations, mathematical modeling of hydrogeochemical processes, and published materials of other authors, it is concluded that the most likely explanation for this ability is a combination of the following factors: the precipitation of poorly soluble substances (calcium and magnesium humates and carbonates and clay minerals) with the total content of dissolved salts amounting to more than 300–400 mg/dm3; the coprecipitation of a number of microelements, which increases with a decrease in the effective diameter of sediment particles (0.003 mm or less); and the involvement of substances removed from the solution in biogeochemical processes, the intensity of which increases under favorable climatic conditions (such as in the catchment area of Poyang Lake).
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Chemical Composition of Surface and Groundwater in the Poyang Lake Catchment Area (China)","authors":"D. Zhou, H. Yang, O. G. Savichev, K. Jin, Y. Wu, A. A. Khvashchevskaya","doi":"10.1134/s187537282470015x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s187537282470015x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This paper analyzes data on the chemical composition of wetland waters, groundwaters, and river waters in the catchment area of Poyang Lake, which were obtained in the course of Russian–Chinese hydrogeochemical studies in 2013–2022. The bulk of the laboratory work was carried out at Tomsk Polytechnic University using the mass spectrometric method with inductively coupled plasma. It is shown that wetlands that are not used economically are a source of organic substances and their transformation products entering the groundwater of the upper hydrodynamic zone. An anthropogenic impact on surface and groundwaters has also been established, which manifests itself in a rather sharp increase in the concentrations of certain chemical elements and their compounds. However, at the same time, a significant ability of the region’s water bodies to self-purify has been revealed. Thus, in the low-water periods of 2019 and 2022, a decrease in the contents of As, Cd, Ni, Sb, V, Mo, and W in the waters of the Jinjiang River was noted, which is 17–120 times and more just 100–200 m downstream from wastewater outlets. Based on the analysis of measurement results, thermodynamic calculations, mathematical modeling of hydrogeochemical processes, and published materials of other authors, it is concluded that the most likely explanation for this ability is a combination of the following factors: the precipitation of poorly soluble substances (calcium and magnesium humates and carbonates and clay minerals) with the total content of dissolved salts amounting to more than 300–400 mg/dm<sup>3</sup>; the coprecipitation of a number of microelements, which increases with a decrease in the effective diameter of sediment particles (0.003 mm or less); and the involvement of substances removed from the solution in biogeochemical processes, the intensity of which increases under favorable climatic conditions (such as in the catchment area of Poyang Lake).</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141548241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1134/s1875372824700124
M. V. Bocharnikov, N. B. Leonova, I. M. Miklyaeva
Abstract
This article considers the ecological and geographical features of officinal plant distribution within the highlands of Northeastern Transbaikalia. The concept of ecosystem diversity is used as a methodological basis of the study. According to it, the orobiome presents a key regional unit for the inventory and assessment of mountain biodiversity. Comparative geographic and cartographic methods of analysis of original field data, papers, and maps are applied. We have identified 40 species of pharmacopoeial plants for the Northeastern Transbaikalia orobiome. The taxonomic, biomorphological, ecological, geographic, and altitudinal characteristics have been considered, and the analysis of composition of active substances and use in the treatment of diseases according to the ICD-10 international classification of diseases has been carried out. It has been revealed that the highest number of species are applied when treating diseases of the digestive system, diseases of the circulatory system, and diseases of the respiratory system. Five geographical groups of pharmacopoeial species have been identified, among which species with the Holarctic distributional type prevail. Boreal species predominate among nine ecological–coenotic groups. The coenotic value of pharmacopeial species in vegetation communities of the orobiome is considered. Some species of officinal plants are coenose formers, predominant in the background communities for the belts; they include Sctoch pine, Siberian fir, lingonberry, marsh rosemary, downy birch, and bearberry. The regional and altitudinal features of pharmacopeial species distribution have been revealed. The highest number of species grow on the North Baikal Highlands, while the smallest number are on the Patom Highlands. There are more than 20 species in the mountain–taiga belt and about 5–10 species in the high-mountain belt. A map of communities with the participation of typical species of pharmacopeial plants of resource importance has been compiled. It has been revealed that the greatest diversity of these resources is concentrated on the North Baikal Highlands due to climatic conditions and the geographical location at the junction of biogeographical boundaries. The map can be used to assess the ecosystem potential of the vegetation cover of a poorly explored region. The expediency of further study of the pharmacological properties of local flora species used in traditional medicine, as well as strengthening of measures for the protection of medical plant species, is noted.
{"title":"Ecological and Geographical Characteristics of Pharmacopoeial Medicinal Plants of the Northeastern Transbaikal Orobiome","authors":"M. V. Bocharnikov, N. B. Leonova, I. M. Miklyaeva","doi":"10.1134/s1875372824700124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372824700124","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This article considers the ecological and geographical features of officinal plant distribution within the highlands of Northeastern Transbaikalia. The concept of ecosystem diversity is used as a methodological basis of the study. According to it, the orobiome presents a key regional unit for the inventory and assessment of mountain biodiversity. Comparative geographic and cartographic methods of analysis of original field data, papers, and maps are applied. We have identified 40 species of pharmacopoeial plants for the Northeastern Transbaikalia orobiome. The taxonomic, biomorphological, ecological, geographic, and altitudinal characteristics have been considered, and the analysis of composition of active substances and use in the treatment of diseases according to the ICD-10 international classification of diseases has been carried out. It has been revealed that the highest number of species are applied when treating diseases of the digestive system, diseases of the circulatory system, and diseases of the respiratory system. Five geographical groups of pharmacopoeial species have been identified, among which species with the Holarctic distributional type prevail. Boreal species predominate among nine ecological–coenotic groups. The coenotic value of pharmacopeial species in vegetation communities of the orobiome is considered. Some species of officinal plants are coenose formers, predominant in the background communities for the belts; they include Sctoch pine, Siberian fir, lingonberry, marsh rosemary, downy birch, and bearberry. The regional and altitudinal features of pharmacopeial species distribution have been revealed. The highest number of species grow on the North Baikal Highlands, while the smallest number are on the Patom Highlands. There are more than 20 species in the mountain–taiga belt and about 5–10 species in the high-mountain belt. A map of communities with the participation of typical species of pharmacopeial plants of resource importance has been compiled. It has been revealed that the greatest diversity of these resources is concentrated on the North Baikal Highlands due to climatic conditions and the geographical location at the junction of biogeographical boundaries. The map can be used to assess the ecosystem potential of the vegetation cover of a poorly explored region. The expediency of further study of the pharmacological properties of local flora species used in traditional medicine, as well as strengthening of measures for the protection of medical plant species, is noted.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141548223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1134/s1875372824700082
I. V. Balyazin
Abstract
This paper presents the results of field studies into the soil biota in conditionally undisturbed territories located in the northern part of Cisbaikalia (central ecological zone). This territory is characterized by high landscape diversity, which is due to the peculiarities of the relief and local climatic conditions associated with it. Thus, in a relatively small area of the territory there are various geosystems from meadow–marsh to mountain–steppe. Soil zoocenoses are accordingly also diverse, and the structure of the population and the average number and biomass make it possible to evaluate communities by taxonomic diversity. This indicator characterizes not only the state of the soil mezopopulation, but also its resistance to external influences. In conditions of limited economic activity, this territory can be a kind of testing ground for comparative analysis and assessment of the restoration potential of soil zoocenoses. Taxonomic diversity was calculated using Margalef’s index, which makes it possible to link two characteristics, the abundance and the number of taxa per unit area. Based on the calculations, five categories of taxonomic diversity of soil invertebrates (from very low to high) were distinguished. Taking into consideration the high landscape diversity of the territory, the spatial distribution of soil mezopopulation reflects the full range of zoocenoses in the region. The numerical characteristics of the mezopopulation of soils are influenced by the hydroclimatic conditions of the territory which, in turn, depend on the terrain. Results from investigating the soil mezofauna aimed at assessing the taxonomic diversity in the spatial aspect are intended to be used as a basis for cartographic modeling in the future.
{"title":"Structure and Taxonomic Diversity of Soil Zoocenoses in Northern Cisbaikalia","authors":"I. V. Balyazin","doi":"10.1134/s1875372824700082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372824700082","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This paper presents the results of field studies into the soil biota in conditionally undisturbed territories located in the northern part of Cisbaikalia (central ecological zone). This territory is characterized by high landscape diversity, which is due to the peculiarities of the relief and local climatic conditions associated with it. Thus, in a relatively small area of the territory there are various geosystems from meadow–marsh to mountain–steppe. Soil zoocenoses are accordingly also diverse, and the structure of the population and the average number and biomass make it possible to evaluate communities by taxonomic diversity. This indicator characterizes not only the state of the soil mezopopulation, but also its resistance to external influences. In conditions of limited economic activity, this territory can be a kind of testing ground for comparative analysis and assessment of the restoration potential of soil zoocenoses. Taxonomic diversity was calculated using Margalef’s index, which makes it possible to link two characteristics, the abundance and the number of taxa per unit area. Based on the calculations, five categories of taxonomic diversity of soil invertebrates (from very low to high) were distinguished. Taking into consideration the high landscape diversity of the territory, the spatial distribution of soil mezopopulation reflects the full range of zoocenoses in the region. The numerical characteristics of the mezopopulation of soils are influenced by the hydroclimatic conditions of the territory which, in turn, depend on the terrain. Results from investigating the soil mezofauna aimed at assessing the taxonomic diversity in the spatial aspect are intended to be used as a basis for cartographic modeling in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141548246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1134/s1875372824700094
I. I. Marinaite, T. V. Hodger, M. Y. Shikhovtsev, O. V. Kustova, V. L. Potemkin
Abstract
This article presents the results of temporal and spatial distribution of aerosol particles and microadmixtures included into them (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls) in the near-water layer of the atmosphere above Lake Baikal obtained during a ship expedition from July 18 to July 24, 2022. During the study period, in the lake near-water atmosphere, for the most part, low values of mass and number concentration of aerosol particles and resistant organic pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs)) were observed when compared to the fire hazard periods of 2016–2020. During the expedition, the PAHs content in the atmosphere varied from 0.071 to 2.6 ng/m3, which is lower than the concentrations established during the fires (0.22–133 ng/m3). Increased concentrations of the studied components were found only in some areas of southern Baikal, where the formation of aerosol structure occurred due to local pollution sources situated in the populated near-shore areas (namely, Listvyanka, Kultuk, Slyudyanka, and Baikalsk) and at the moment of transfer of polluted air masses northwestward to the lake from Irkutsk and Angarsk. In the aerosol samples from background areas, a PAHs group with two or three benzene rings dominated mainly by naphthalene and phenanthrene. Near local sources in the southern part of Lake Baikal, the proportion of PAHs with four, five, and six benzene rings (fluoranthene > pyrene > benz(b)fluoranthene) increased; they are of pyrogenic origin and are formed at high temperature processes of organic fuel combustion (while combusting coal, wood, and liquid fuel). We revealed a positive correlation between the content of aerosol particles and PAHs. The concentrations of aerosol particles (1.0–13.7 µg/m3) and benz(а)pyrene (0.01–0.22 ng/m3) rated in Russia did not exceed the MAC. Despite the prohibition of production and limited use of PCBs, their traces were found in various industrial and background regions worldwide. It is shown that polychlorinated biphenyls content in Lake Baikal near-water atmosphere (0.48–5.63 pg/m3) is comparable to the concentrations observed in background regions worldwide (0.04–25 pg/m3).
{"title":"Variability of Concentration of Aerosol Particles, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Atmosphere above the Surface of Lake Baikal","authors":"I. I. Marinaite, T. V. Hodger, M. Y. Shikhovtsev, O. V. Kustova, V. L. Potemkin","doi":"10.1134/s1875372824700094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372824700094","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This article presents the results of temporal and spatial distribution of aerosol particles and microadmixtures included into them (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls) in the near-water layer of the atmosphere above Lake Baikal obtained during a ship expedition from July 18 to July 24, 2022. During the study period, in the lake near-water atmosphere, for the most part, low values of mass and number concentration of aerosol particles and resistant organic pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs)) were observed when compared to the fire hazard periods of 2016–2020. During the expedition, the PAHs content in the atmosphere varied from 0.071 to 2.6 ng/m<sup>3</sup>, which is lower than the concentrations established during the fires (0.22–133 ng/m<sup>3</sup>). Increased concentrations of the studied components were found only in some areas of southern Baikal, where the formation of aerosol structure occurred due to local pollution sources situated in the populated near-shore areas (namely, Listvyanka, Kultuk, Slyudyanka, and Baikalsk) and at the moment of transfer of polluted air masses northwestward to the lake from Irkutsk and Angarsk. In the aerosol samples from background areas, a PAHs group with two or three benzene rings dominated mainly by naphthalene and phenanthrene. Near local sources in the southern part of Lake Baikal, the proportion of PAHs with four, five, and six benzene rings (fluoranthene > pyrene > benz(b)fluoranthene) increased; they are of pyrogenic origin and are formed at high temperature processes of organic fuel combustion (while combusting coal, wood, and liquid fuel). We revealed a positive correlation between the content of aerosol particles and PAHs. The concentrations of aerosol particles (1.0–13.7 µg/m<sup>3</sup>) and benz(а)pyrene (0.01–0.22 ng/m<sup>3</sup>) rated in Russia did not exceed the MAC. Despite the prohibition of production and limited use of PCBs, their traces were found in various industrial and background regions worldwide. It is shown that polychlorinated biphenyls content in Lake Baikal near-water atmosphere (0.48–5.63 pg/m<sup>3</sup>) is comparable to the concentrations observed in background regions worldwide (0.04–25 pg/m<sup>3</sup>).</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141548242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1134/s1875372824700069
A. K. Cherkashin
Abstract
This article highlights the factors and conditions for the formation of a regime of sustainable development (SD) of a territory with environmental management according to the criterion of completeness of the composition and functioning of the nature–economy–population geographical system of the territory. Completeness is a pass-through indicator of the optimality of systems of various kinds at the minimum and maximum levels of their existence and changes in the process of nature conservation, economic growth, and improvement of society. The degree of completeness is a variant of the evaluation function that distinguishes geosystems of different locations and variable states by a set of interchangeable influencing factors of natural, economic, and social origin and features of local conditions of the geographical environment. All the processes reflect the goal of striving for perfection in the form of completeness and safety of their systemic expression, for the ideal, and for the priority development goal; only when that is achieved will it be possible to overcome SD. The trends of completeness are distinguished as the upper and lower envelope lines (surfaces) of the diversity of the connection of data from field and statistical observations. Controlling additive influences shift the landscape norm of completeness of different locations. It is necessary to take into account special restrictions on the degree of incompleteness and overflow of system qualities. Models and methods of analysis are demonstrated by the example of restoration of forest plantations and the implementation of the investment process in the regions of Russia.
{"title":"Criterion of Completeness of Sustainable Environmental Management","authors":"A. K. Cherkashin","doi":"10.1134/s1875372824700069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1875372824700069","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This article highlights the factors and conditions for the formation of a regime of sustainable development (SD) of a territory with environmental management according to the criterion of completeness of the composition and functioning of the nature–economy–population geographical system of the territory. Completeness is a pass-through indicator of the optimality of systems of various kinds at the minimum and maximum levels of their existence and changes in the process of nature conservation, economic growth, and improvement of society. The degree of completeness is a variant of the evaluation function that distinguishes geosystems of different locations and variable states by a set of interchangeable influencing factors of natural, economic, and social origin and features of local conditions of the geographical environment. All the processes reflect the goal of striving for perfection in the form of completeness and safety of their systemic expression, for the ideal, and for the priority development goal; only when that is achieved will it be possible to overcome SD. The trends of completeness are distinguished as the upper and lower envelope lines (surfaces) of the diversity of the connection of data from field and statistical observations. Controlling additive influences shift the landscape norm of completeness of different locations. It is necessary to take into account special restrictions on the degree of incompleteness and overflow of system qualities. Models and methods of analysis are demonstrated by the example of restoration of forest plantations and the implementation of the investment process in the regions of Russia.</p>","PeriodicalId":44739,"journal":{"name":"Geography and Natural Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141548218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号