Understanding the gut microbiota by considering human evolution: a story of fire, cereals, cooking, molecular ingenuity, and functional cooperation.

IF 8 1区 生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Epub Date: 2023-12-21 DOI:10.1128/mmbr.00127-22
Gerald W Tannock
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Abstract

SUMMARYThe microbial community inhabiting the human colon, referred to as the gut microbiota, is mostly composed of bacterial species that, through extensive metabolic networking, degrade and ferment components of food and human secretions. The taxonomic composition of the microbiota has been extensively investigated in metagenomic studies that have also revealed details of molecular processes by which common components of the human diet are metabolized by specific members of the microbiota. Most studies of the gut microbiota aim to detect deviations in microbiota composition in patients relative to controls in the hope of showing that some diseases and conditions are due to or exacerbated by alterations to the gut microbiota. The aim of this review is to consider the gut microbiota in relation to the evolution of Homo sapiens which was heavily influenced by the consumption of a nutrient-dense non-arboreal diet, limited gut storage capacity, and acquisition of skills relating to mastering fire, cooking, and cultivation of cereal crops. The review delves into the past to gain an appreciation of what is important in the present. A holistic view of "healthy" microbiota function is proposed based on the evolutionary pathway shared by humans and gut microbes.

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通过考虑人类进化来了解肠道微生物群:一个关于火、谷物、烹饪、分子智慧和功能合作的故事。
摘要人类结肠中栖息的微生物群落被称为肠道微生物群,主要由细菌物种组成,它们通过广泛的新陈代谢网络降解和发酵食物及人类分泌物中的成分。元基因组研究对微生物群的分类组成进行了广泛调查,这些研究还揭示了微生物群特定成员代谢人类饮食中常见成分的分子过程细节。大多数有关肠道微生物群的研究都旨在检测患者体内微生物群组成相对于对照组的偏差,希望以此证明某些疾病和病症是由肠道微生物群的改变引起或加剧的。这篇综述的目的是将肠道微生物群与智人的进化联系起来考虑,智人的进化在很大程度上受到了营养密集型非谷物饮食、有限的肠道储存能力以及掌握生火、烹饪和种植谷物作物相关技能的影响。这篇综述深入探讨了过去,以了解现在的重要意义。根据人类和肠道微生物共同的进化途径,提出了 "健康 "微生物群功能的整体观点。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
18.80
自引率
0.80%
发文量
27
期刊介绍: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (MMBR), a journal that explores the significance and interrelationships of recent discoveries in various microbiology fields, publishes review articles that help both specialists and nonspecialists understand and apply the latest findings in their own research. MMBR covers a wide range of topics in microbiology, including microbial ecology, evolution, parasitology, biotechnology, and immunology. The journal caters to scientists with diverse interests in all areas of microbial science and encompasses viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, unicellular eukaryotes, and microbial parasites. MMBR primarily publishes authoritative and critical reviews that push the boundaries of knowledge, appealing to both specialists and generalists. The journal often includes descriptive figures and tables to enhance understanding. Indexed/Abstracted in various databases such as Agricola, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Service, Current Contents- Life Sciences, EMBASE, Food Science and Technology Abstracts, Illustrata, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science), Summon, and Scopus, among others.
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